Organizational Risks & Mitigation Methods Essay

As per our discussion last week I’ve prepared this memo that outlines the risks that CWTI faces and methods of mitigation for those risks. The goal of this exercise is to have a starting point for establishing a risk management process within CWTI. Below I’ve identified risks and provided suggested methods of mitigation for each. I’d like to point out that while most of these risks have more than one potential mitigation method, I chose to present the method I believe would be most successful for CWTI. 1.)Risk of fluctuation in foreign exchange rates –USD receivables Mitigate using control method ie. forward contracts, hedging etc. 2.)Risk of fluctuation in interest rates – USD loan Mitigate using control method ie. forward contracts, hedging etc. 3.)Risk of supply shortage/delay due to truck breakdowns Mitigate using diversification ie. Have alternative options of transportation readily available 4.)Risk of losing major customer Mitigate using diversification ie. Try to gain other customers in need of timber 5.)Risk of losing timber licenses Mitigate using control technique ie. Establish strong internal controls regarding the requirement to clear and replant and ensure to measure controls. 6.)Risk of non-compliance with national stock exchange requirements Mitigate using control technique ie. Establish strong internal controls regarding compliance requirements for stock exchange. 7.)Risk of inventory shrinkage due to theft, damage Mitigate using sharing/transferring technique ie. Purchase insurance for buildup of inventory 8.)Risk of supply delay if sawmill equipment goes down, staff turnover/lack of skilled staff Mitigate using diversification technique ie. Have alternative options of production in the event either of these occur 9.)Risk of delay/damage/lost shipment to overseas market Mitigate using sharing/transferring technique ie. Purchase additional insurance that would cover this 10.) Risk of timber market/supply – what if something happens to forest? Fire, bug infestation Mitigate using diversification ie. Find other supplies of timber 11.) Risk of reputation – environmental groups if CWTI doesn’t live up to the clearing/replanting requirement Mitigate using control ie. Establish strong internal controls to ensure all clearing/replanting requirements are being fulfilled. 12.) Risk of not meeting financial obligations due to delayed/infrequent receivables – CWTI operates year round but majority of payment only gets received around December & January (based on 60/90 day terms) Mitigate using diversification ie. Find more new customers that require timber throughout the year to balance the cash flow. We can further discuss other mitigation methods should you please. I look forward to your feedback.

Neurosurgery

Surgeons, one of the many Jobs that utilize chemistry skills in order to succeed in the field is a field of science that I am most interested in and I believe that taking AP Chemistry will only strengthen the skills I need in order to become a surgeon. The type of surgery that most interests me would be the surgery relating to the brain/ spinal cord named neurosurgery.Within the field of surgery, neurosurgery, which Is a branch of surgery that specializes In brain surgery/spinal cord surgery, Is relatively nouns and It has evolved Into an Independent surgical specialty only during the past century, developing from general surgery (Columbia Neurosurgeons). They are the highest paid of all surgeons, with Incomes that can reach as high as $800,000 annually.Average annual compensation: $765,321 according to the 201 3 MAGMA survey of 201 2 Income (Santiago). Also the Job outlook for surgeons Is 18%, which Is faster than average which Is a perk of becoming a surgeon as the demand for surge ons is growing at an exponential rate (Bureau of Labor Statistics). I also want to become a neurosurgeon because since the brain is the most unknown organ of the body, in fact it is believed that humans only use 10-25% of their brain (MS).In conclusion, the main reason I signed up for AP Chemistry is that medicine is an excellent career choice and careers in this area are often high paying, and there is a shortage (and a forecasted shortage) of candidates for these jobs. Works Cited Bureau of Labor Statistics, U. S. Department of Labor, Occupational Outlook Handbook, 2014-15 Edition, Physicians and Surgeons, n. . Web. 26 June 2014. . Santiago, Andrea. â€Å"Surgeon Career Profile – Overview of Surgeons' Careers and Surgery Jobs. † About. Com Health Careers. About. Com, n. D.Web. 26 June 2014.. Columbia Neurosurgeons. Healthiness, n. D. Web. 26 June 2014.. Smelling, Robert. â€Å"How Much of the Brain Do We Really Use? † MS Healthy Long. Microsoft, n. D. Web. 26 June 2014.. Spinal cord named neurosurgery. Within the field of surgery, neurosurgery, which is a branch of surgery that specializes in brain surgery/spinal cord surgery, is relatively nouns and it has evolved into an independent surgical specialty only during the past highest paid of all surgeons, with incomes that can reach as high as annually.Average annual compensation: $765,321 according to the 2013 MAGMA survey of 2012 income (Santiago). Also the Job outlook for surgeons is 18%, which is faster than average which is a perk of becoming a surgeon as the is a shortage (and a forecasted shortage) of candidates for these Jobs. Works Cited Shimmering, Robert. â€Å"How Much of the Brain Do We Really Use? † MS Healthy Living.

Casino Plan Essay Sample

1. Business Owner ( s ) A ; Product/Service i. Joker Africa operates and owns great figure of casinos through the Dar Es Salaam. at the minute operates 16 casinos around all countries of the Dar Es Salaam. In countries such as: Africa Sana. Buguruni. Mbagala. Banana. Madukani. Kumikucha. Magomeni. Manzese. Tip Top. Ilala. Namanga. Mnananyamala. Tandale. Kariakoo. Tameke. Kinondoni. In Joker Africa company today operates about 170 employees and about 40 to the full qualified and trained employees pending until gap of large casinos. 2. Mission Statement †¢ Chain of the Joker Africa casinos within 6 month of the operation already proved to our customers’ exceeding service and high quality Slot Machines. Our mission to place clients need and wants this is precisely what will assist our company to turn and widen. but non merely in Dar Es Salaam. besides in Mwanza and Arusha. †¢ Our mission to open in Dar Es Salaam 1 casinos and 8 gambling halls. in Mwanza 1 casinos and 2 gambling halls and in Arusha 1 casinos and 1 bet oning hall. 3. Company Structure †¢ Joker Africa will be operated by â€Å"Lotus Valley Tanzania† This company has already been incorporated by our attorney Melchisedeck S. Lutema. Pull offing Partner. Asyla Attorneys †¢ Chain of the Joker Africa casinos in Dar Es Salaam. Arusha. Mwanza will be supervised and controlled by executive direction squad with experience non less than 10 old ages in bet oning industry. 4. Current Opportunity I. Earlier this twelvemonth some of Joker Africa executive direction squad visited Mwanza and Arusha. After elaborate research our direction have identified high degree of net income can be gained from those metropoliss: Those metropoliss were chosen for several grounds: I. Cardinal location of our casinos II. Large population with high income ( possible clients ) III. Low degree of offense ( people feel safe on streets even at dark clip ) IV. A batch of excavation companies V. Great strength of tourers VI. Location of our casinos surrounded by hotels. nines and eating houses VII. Merely 1 casino in each City ( low degree of rivals ) 5. Target Markets †¢ Chain of Joker Africa casinos a portion from pulling some regular casino visitants from other casinos will chiefly be interested in developing new clients with alone selling and promotional attack. †¢ Joker Africa will be looking to pull all visitors’ tour tourers and business communities ( local and international ) with their casino and amusement bundle. 6. Financial Summary †¢ Total sum of estimation start up costs for Mwanza. . †¢ Total sum of estimation start up costs for Arusha. . †¢ Total sum of estimation uninterrupted growing in Dar Es Salaam. . †¢ Total sum of projected mean monthly disbursals †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ . . †¢ Total sum of projected mean monthly Gross †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ . . II. Market Analysis 1. Present Operators: At this minute there are 6 casino location in the capital metropolis of Dar es salaam and the last to get was over six old ages ago. Four of the casinos are operated by one group and the other two are independent. 2. Future Undertaking Chain Joker Africa being the latest to get on the market and ready to offer our clients – new and improved client service. and besides new coevals of the Slot Machines and electronic Roulettes. Location ( possible topographic points for casino ) †¢ Joker Africa Mwanza: Capri point. Nyakato Stand Buzuruga. Stand Nyegezi. Kirumba †¢ Joker Africa Arusha: NSSF Building. MT Meru Hotel. Naura Spring Hotel. Olduvia Inn Hotel. Shoprite Mall or TFA †¢ Joker Africa Dar Es Salaam: Kariakoo. Oyster bay. Kinondoni. Posta. Mbagala. Banana. Tegeta. Msasani. Tandika 3. Competition: †¢ The bing casinos are good established with their ain faithful clients and have non had the demand to do alterations to their operations. The present operations are really professional operations but Joker Africa can offer a competition that can merely profit the client and the concern. Rivals ; †¢ Safari Casino ( Arusha ) †¢ Kings Casino ( Mwanza ) †¢ Le Grand Casino ( Dar Es Salaam ) †¢ New Africa Casino ( Dar Es Salaam ) †¢ Kempinski Casino ( Dar Es Salaam ) †¢ Las Vegas Casino ( Dar Es Salaam ) †¢ Palm Beach Casino ( Dar Es Salaam ) †¢ Sea Cliff Casino ( Dar Es Salaam ) 4. Target Profile. The princess casino Tanzania will be looking to pull the client who fits the following profile. I. Male and Female two. 25 old ages old and above three. Middle category and above four. Tourist v. Business work forces III. Marketing Strategy and advertizement To reinsure good name and success of our concern in Mwanza. Dar Es Salaam and Arusha it is of import to announce/advertise it strategically in all locations of the metropolis. by utilizing beginnings such as: †¢ Street promotion †¢ News documents †¢ Tourist and concern magazines †¢ Hotel Circulars †¢ Radio †¢ Television †¢ Car advertizement III. Operationss Plan 1. Location Location for Joker Africa casinos was chosen strategically around the metropolis. In most crowded topographic point particularly at dark clip: Night Clubs. Pubs. Restaurants. Offices. Shoping promenades. Markets. Bus Stationss. 2. Operation I. Location ( possible topographic points for casino ) Joker Africa Mwanza: Capri point. Nyakato Stand Buzuruga. Stand Nyegezi. Kirumba. Joker Africa Arusha: NSSF Building. MT Meru Hotel. Naura Spring Hotel. Olduvia Inn Hotel. Shoprite Mall or TFA. Joker Africa Dar Es Salaam: Kariakoo. Oyster bay. Kinondoni. Posta. Mbagala. Banana. Tegeta. Msasani. and Tandika. The operational hours of the casino will be 24 hours. 7 yearss a hebdomad including Public Holidays and any possible non-hotel premises. 3. Organization Structure i. Joker Africa Casino Will be operated by Lotus Tanzania Limited 4. Employees The casino will hold about 250 employees which will include 10 exiles at direction degree to implement the Joker Africa processs. Chain of the casinos in Dar Es Salaam will hold about 250 employees 6 decision makers and 2 experient Operational Managers to take the squad. Operation in Mwanza will be supervised by 1 Operational Manager. 1 decision maker and 20 employees. Operation in Arusha will be supervised by 1 Operational Manager. 1 decision maker and 16 employees I. The direction construction will be: †¢ General Manager †¢ Assistant Manager †¢ Shift Manager †¢ Finance Manager †¢ Slot Manager †¢ Surveillance Manager †¢ F A ; B Manager †¢ Joker Africa will enroll locally to make full other employment places but will develop themselves the bulk of the dealers’ machine attenders. tellers and waitresses. cleaners. security guards. waitresses. bartenders will be recruited and trained locally by our experient direction squad. 5. Casino Area Location for Joker Africa casinos was chosen strategically around the metropolis. In most crowded topographic point particularly at dark clip: Night Clubs. Pubs. Restaurants. Offices. Shoping promenades. Markets. Bus Stationss. 6. Bet oning offered: I. Our company chiefly operates with electronic gambling: Slot Machines and Electronic Roulettes: †¢ Igrosoft †¢ Master game †¢ IGT †¢ EGT †¢ Novomatic 7. Cashless system At the minute Joker Africa casinos utilizing electronic key system. but to better casinos operation and to go more efficient – card system needs to be implemented. Cashless system tracks all employee activities. Each employee is required to hold a username and watchword to run the station. and all minutess performed by the employee are documented through studies. You retain entire hard currency control and have the ability to entree real-time history history 24/7 and full coverage capablenesss. 8. Financial and Legal Service For the company to run lawfully – bet oning licences must be obtained. cost of the licences depends on size of the casino. †¢ Twenty Machine License ( Dar Es Salaam/Mwanza/Arusha ) Cost of the application fees: $ 32 Cost of the Licenses per casino: $ 313 Cost for Tax per Slot: $ 27 †¢ Forty Machine License or Mini casino ( Dar Es Salaam/Mwanza/Arusha ) Cost of the application fees: $ 63 Cost of the Licenses per casino: $ 626 Cost for Tax: 15 % of income generated in the concern per month †¢ Big Casino ( Dar Es Salaam ) Cost of the application fees: $ 625 Cost of the Licenses per casino: $ 40 000 Cost for Tax: 15 % of income generated in the concern per month †¢ Big Casino ( Mwanza/Arusha ) Cost of the application fees: $ 316 Cost of the Licenses per casino: $ 15 000 Cost for Tax: 15 % of income generated in the concern per month 9. Casino Management System Casino Management System provides solutions equip our operation for casino accounting. fiscal audits. recognition lines/markers. rapprochement. regulative coverage. and conformity ; direction of participant evaluations for slots. tabular arraies and other games ; marketing functionality including frequenter trueness plans. multi-property support. individual participant cards. participant infusions. direct mail. group and publicity trailing. and concern betterment.

Curriculum leadership pack Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4500 words

Curriculum leadership pack - Essay Example le number of children in our elementary school do not receive enhanced physical education programs persist to insult whatever development has been accomplished at that level. Policymakers in our country might still be questioning the requirements for our schools’ physical education program, and multitude of us have concluded a definition of political triumph as sustaining a status quo in the schools, rather than the reinforcement of curricular prerequisites. The reality that several of these same policymakers have expressed their advocacy on quality, regular physical education is an irony that expresses a great deal about the ambiguous position of physical education as an academic discipline. Based on the Inspection Report of May 2008, our students perform poorly in key physical education activities namely, game plays, gymnastics and dance, particularly in body control, coordination, balance, posture and other coordinated body movements. Moreover, our students are not given equal opportunities to become mentally, emotionally and physically involved in the various physical education activities. And lastly, which I think is the most important deficiency of the physical education curriculum is the absence of a whole school policy for the subject. In order to resolve these deficiencies and problems in physical education outcomes, an action plan is written which addresses important components of strategies for teaching physical education at the elementary level. These components that were included are proposed staff development activities, responsibilities, necessary resources, monitoring strategies, success criteria and indicative date of completion of the proposed strategy. Furthermore, an INSET plan is included to provide a synopsis of the various trainings that the teachers should undergo in order to successfully fulfill the objectives of the six specified strategies in the action plan. A number of physical educators do formulate exceptional action plans.

Third Party Rights Over Property Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Third Party Rights Over Property - Case Study Example In the first instance Helen does not own the building outright as Kevin invested money into buying the shop and flats; Helen has taken out a mortgage on the building so Southern Counties Building Society would have a vested interest (the property was put up as collateral for the loan) and the second flat has been tenanted with Tom having a five year lease by deed of that flat. The amount of vested interest in the property owned by Kevin will depend on whether or not he and Helen had formed a partnership prior to buying the property, how long him and Helen had been living together in the first floor flat and what rights either of these situations (business partnership or de-facto relationship) might have on the ownership of the building. Because Helen raised the loan to buy the property it could be assumed that she might have a majority stake holding in the building and therefore could sell the business without involving Kevin. However, if Helen raised the mortgage so that her contribution to the building then equaled Kevin's then she has no right to sell the building without consulting Kevin first and the sale would be a joint decision. Kevin has another stake hold... Also any lease agreement he may have would have to be honored by the new buyer. The actual amount of impact Kevin would have on the sale of the building would depend on any agreement made between him and Helen, whether Kevin has any rights under de-facto law (which would be virtually nil in Britain as de-facto couples do not share the same rights as married couples) and whether or not Kevin is listed on the land title as co-owner. Helen would also have to pay off the mortgage owing amount on the building at the time of sale because the building is the collateral for the money loaned. Another problem that the new buyer would have to face is the lien on the property that prevented Helen from setting up a business that would act in competition to other businesses in the area. Any prospective buyer would have to be informed that the shop portion of the building could only be used as a newsagent shop. However, that covenant might not necessarily apply if the agreement was made personally between Helen and the person she purchased the shop from, as this covenant would only apply if it had been entered on the land title. If the land title had remained unregistered throughout the previous transactions then the situation for Kevin and Helen changes slightly. If Kevin does not have a legal partnership agreement with Helen then he would have difficulty proving his claim to any ownership of the building. He may be entitled to some duress under de-facto land ownership legislation, but that would be difficult to prove if he did not have something in writing that could prove the extent of his relationship with Helen (such as a Cohabitation Agreement) and the amount

Family Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Family - Research Paper Example As stated above, Sami suffers from chronic bronchial asthma, which was discovered at birth.Mohammed used to suffer from asthma;however, it disappeared many years ago.Besides following their family doctor's orders in Saudi Arabia, the parents were treating their child with a well-known type of herb, called Magr in Arabic, which is believed to improve asthma.When they travelled to Australia, they had to change their doctor and stop using the traditional treatment.Sami's case intensified when they arrived in Australia, which worried his parents very much.However, their doctor told them that this was a result of the change of environment.He advised them to live in a house without trees around which were found to increase the severity of Sami's asthma.They also took great care of their child during winter, when he gets more affected.In addition, they deal carefully with fumes and odours such as perfumes.Above all, they were assured by their doctor that Sami's case will improve as he gets older. According to Wright and Leahey (2005), the proper way in which the family will be evaluated is to use the Calgary Family Assessment Model (CFAM). The CFAM categorizes the family assessment into three main sections, namely, structural, developmental, and functional assessments, each of which are addressed separately below. IV.STRUCTURAL ASSESSMENT. The sub-dimensions of internal structure, external structure, and context are explicated by the following categories (Wright & Leahey, 2005). Internal Structure: The internal structure covers the categories of the composition of the family, the gender of the people in the family, the parents' sexual orientations, the rank order, the family's sub-systems, and the personal boundaries of the family members. Family Composition. Mohammed's family is a nuclear family consisting of the father, the mother, and two offspring. They are married under Shari'a, or Islamic law. They still kep in contact with their respective families. When they were in Saudi Arabia, Mohammed's parents were living in the same house as his family. Gender. The fact that Mohammed is a man and

Persuation(Austen) vs Silas Marner(Eliot) Essay

Persuation(Austen) vs Silas Marner(Eliot) - Essay Example They showed through their characters what women of that time could accomplish if they refused to believe that their femininity was a barrier. According to Eliot marriage meant being "absorbed into the life of another, and only [being] known in a certain circle as a wife and a mother" (George Eliot) whereas Austen almost unquestioningly accepted it. Eliots writings were not about a polite society, but by writing about abusive relationships, went beyond it. (Melanie Shelton). These two authors do not belong to the "silly lady novelists" (Eliot) category, which George Eliot has referred to in one of her writings. Austen portrays the daily lives of her characters that are mainly upper-middle-class men in England of early nineteenth century. She focuses on themes that never die, such as marriage, social pressure, and the generation gap (N. Zeynep Yelce) Anne Elliot, the heroine in Persuasion, suffers the consequences of a decision she had to take years ago to severe relations with a man she loved. Her family had forced this decision upon her. The thoughts of Lady Russell in this context "Anne Elliot, with all her claims of birth, beauty and mind, to throw herself away at nineteen; involve herself at nineteen with a young man, who had nothing but himself to recommend him, and no hopes of attaining affluence, but in the chances of a most uncertain profession, and no connexions, to secure even his farther rise in that profession; would be indeed a throwing away which she grieved to think of." (Austen Jane) aptly describes the kind of advice Anne got from her family. Austen while putting forth the causes and consequences of this action gives an incisive account of the narrow-mindedness of the British class system. Silas Marner portrays a realistic portrait of life in a traditional English village of the 19th century where kindness and cooperation take precedence over petty differences. It centres on Silas Marner, a weaver living in the

HR and CSR connection Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

HR and CSR connection - Essay Example The employees, staff, and other personnel make up the bulk of the organization. The HR department serves as the glue that binds all employees together to form one strong team. Without the HR department, the company would definitely fall apart. In addition, the HR staffs ensure that what the organization projects in public is consistent with how the employees are being treated internally. More often, people are seeking for a company that â€Å"walks the talk†. For employees to remain working for the company and forge a sense of loyalty for the organization, their basic employment needs such as timely release of pay checks, health benefits, provision for salary increments, and the like must be attended to. Rewards and compensation packages for those who show outstanding performance must be offered. This way, it is easier for the company to encourage the employees to adhere to the organization’s CSR goals. CSR policies serve as the company’s guiding principles for the proper compliance to legal, ethical, and social standards in delivering services to the public. By ensuring that every employee acts and works according to the CRS policies of the company, the mission and vision of the organization will be realized. Since CRS policies must be acted upon by the staff and employees of the organization, the HR department is seen as an indispensable body in making sure that these policies are being followed by the employees. By showing to the staffs that they are appreciated and recognized, their efforts can easily be directed towards achieving the company’s CSR

European History Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

European History - Essay Example In the making of the Treaty of Versailles that effectively ended World War I, France chaired the peace conference and saw fit to have Germany, the one who started the war be properly punished and the lands it confiscated returned. Germany signed the treaty but proposed some amendments. Still, the treaty was to the consciousness of Germans a reason to have a score settled and that came in World War II. In the opinions of many, the treaty was too harsh on Germany and France is now being seen in bad light World War II. In 1939, World War II came, and this lasted until 1945.1 The war spread out to Europe, Asia, Mediterranean and Middle East, Africa resulting in Allied victory where casualties were 62 million, and 37 million of these were civilians and 25 million were military. The two groups that were fighting were the Allies composed of Soviet Union, UK and Commonwealth, USA, France/Free France, China, Poland, and Australia; and the Axis composed of Germany, Japan, Italy, Romania, Hungary, Bulgaria, and Vichy France. 2 World War II was a truly global conflict with untold human misery that began on September 1, 1939 when German invaded Poland. Countries that participated in World War I were the same countries involved in World War II. On September 3, 1939 Britain, France, Australia and New Zealand declared war on Germany and Canada followed a week later. Meanwhile, the United States joined the conflict in December 1941 after Japan attacked Pearl Harbour.3 Treaties. After World War II, delegates from 21 member countries of the United Nations met in Paris on July 29, 1946, to draft treaties with Italy, Hungary, Bulgaria, Romania, and Finland.4 Representatives of the United States, Britain, the Soviet Union, and France signed the treaties in Paris on Feb. 10, 1947. Border fortifications as provided in the treaties were to be limited only to keeping internal security. Also, guarantees against racial discrimination and the rebirth of fascist governments were provided for.5 Because of the devastating experiences of war that the nations went through especially in World War II, these two guarantees are understandable. Also, the Balkan treaties provided for free navigation of the Danube. Demands. At the end of the war, millions were rendered homeless, the European economy had collapsed, and 70% of the European industrial infrastructure was destroyed.6 The Eastern victors exacted payment of war reparations from the defeated nations, and in the Paris Peace Treaty, the enemies of Soviet Union which were Hungary, Finland and Romania, were required to pay $300,000,000 each to the Soviet Union. Italy was required to pay $360,000,000, shared chiefly between Greece, Yugoslavia and the Soviet Union.7 Meanwhile, the Western victors in World War II did not demand compensation from the defeated nations. Instead, a plan established by U.S. Secretary of State George Marshall, the "European Recovery Program", better known as the Marshall Plan, called for the U.S. Congress to allocate billions of dollars for the reconstruction of Europe.8 As reflected in Table 1, the breakdown was as follows - compensation to the wWII victors at 1938 prices (Tabled by writer

Parental Substance Misuse the effects on Children Essay

Parental Substance Misuse the effects on Children - Essay Example Pregnancy and parenthood are important events to all people. They can serve as the spur for substance abusers to seek treatment, to continue treatment, and/or to seek assistance for their children. Parenthood may present a major opportunity for assisting clients in their treatment and assessing the needs of their children. This review has been prepared with the intention of encouraging efforts to respond to this opportunity in the United Kingdom. The proportion of women in drug abuse treatment programs or in need of drug abuse treatment has been increasing. During 2004, 30% of all admissions to drug treatment were female. (Rosenbaum, 2005) Much less is known and documented about the risks of child maltreatment associated with parental cocaine use. This is true despite the prevalence of cocaine use and evidence that cocaine dependency can substantially incapacitate the user (Robins, 2000). A May 2000 United Kingdom study yielded an â€Å"extremely conservative† estimate that some 2.2 million English are â€Å"hard core† cocaine addicts. Such users are reportedly over represented among the homeless and persons arrested for crimes. (Saunders, 2002) According to a study ‘The addicts who break into our homes, turn our neighbourhoods into war zones, and spread disease by selling their bodies are not casual, once-a-month users of illicit drugs-they are UK’s hard core addicts. The children of the hard core addict suffer even more severely, often from physical abuse, and always from neglect’. (Babbie, 2001) Generational continuity in the use of alcohol and drugs is documented in a number of recent studies (Coombs & Dickson, 2001). Adolescents are more likely to drink and use other drugs if their parents do. For example, Kandel and associates (2002) found that 82% of drinking families rise youth who also drink, while 72% of abstaining families produce

Linguistics and Language Teaching. Essay Example for Free

Linguistics and Language Teaching. Essay Introduction Language may refer either to the specifically human capacity for acquiring and using complex systems of communication, or to a specific instance of such a system of complex communication. The scientific study of language in any of its senses is called linguistics. Linguistic theory has traditionally considered native speakers as the only reliable source of linguistic data (Chomsky 1965). It is therefore not surprising to ? nd only a limited number of works focusing on non-native speakers prior to the 1990s. The ?  rst attempt to put‘(non)nativism’ onto the centre stage of linguistic inquiry by challenging current undisputed assumptions on the matter was Paikeday’s (1985) The native speaker is dead , in which it is argued that the native speaker ‘exists only as a ? gment of linguist’s imagination’ (Paikeday 1985: 12). Paikeday suggested using the term ‘pro? cient user’ of a language to refer to all speakers who can successfully use it. A few years later, Rampton (1990) similarly proposed the term ‘expert speaker’ to include all successful users of a language. Davies (1991, 2003) further delved into ‘native speaker’ identity, and thus formulated the key question of whether a second language (L2) learner can become a native speaker of the target language. His conclusion was that L2 learners can become native speaker of the target language and master the intuition, grammar, spontaneity, creativity, pragmatic control, and interpreting quality of ‘born’ native speakers. Generally, English educated Malaysians of all ethnic and family language background speak and move alike. However, with the implementation of the national language policy of Bahasa Malaysia as the national language of Malaysia and as the language of instruction, (except in the cases of Chinese or Tamil medium primary schools), the status of English Language in Malaysia is different from the earlier years. The English language covered a continuum from first language through second language to a foreign language. Bahasa Malaysia is replacing English in most of its previous functions, but English may be expected to remain as a continuum from second language to foreign language according to the background and occupation of the speaker. In Malaysia, presently the use of English is less common than in Singapore and is likely to decrease steadily with the implementation of the national language policy. However, English still remains as a language of considerable importance and is still being used in various spheres of everyday activity. The role of English has changed from its earlier status as the precise language of the colonial era and the decades after the Second World War to a second language. At the moment, it is still considered as an international code to be used for diplomatic and commercial negotiations and as a language necessary in many fields of tertiary study and research. Not surprisingly, the non-native English language speakers among Malaysians make grammatical mistakes from time to time. These usually happened among Malaysian adult students and even among some Malaysian English teachers. 1. The transcript of a recorded conversation. The following excerpt is a recorded conversation among teachers and will be analysed of the mistakes made by some teachers during discussion. Our discussion was on the quality and effectiveness of a programme called ‘Program Penutur Jati’ or English Language Teacher Development Project (ELTP). Briefly, the aim of the project is to enhance the lower primary ESL teachers’ ability to plan and deliver quality English lessons based on the new National English Language Curriculum in 600 schools across East Malaysia. The teachers involved in discussion come from various races, ethnic groups, ages and teaching experiences. Kamel : That is my opinion. I don’t know yours. Ok. Chairperson : I agree . laugh Kamel : But , as I said just now. I don’t like that the fixture.. ok. For example aaaa as my mentor come to our school .. every Monday ok.. my class start at nine o’clock. 7. 30.. that mean one and half hour include the preparation for my lesson, so I don’t think that I have an ample time for me to prepare the things ok . Moreover, the one hour and one and half hour is the .. for all to prepare.. the whole week not only , the one day. So I don’t think that will be effective. Chairperson: Emmmm Kamel : So Chairperson : Did you tell him about it? Kamel: Aaaaaa So far not yet. Chairperson : Do you have the chance to talk about it. Kamel : Because, I don’t have any.. I don’t have the opportunity to.. Chairperson : Then, you should tell him. Kamel ; I was thinking. Why don’t the mentors like them to be .. have qualification in teaching, so that they can come to the trainee teachers training college rather than Chairperson : For your information, ahh Chairperson : Overall, it seems to be working with you Naga : The ideas (cough) is good and different he is friendly. Chairperson : So.. ahh. If supposing .. You have a mentor to this.. who doesn’t speak.. doesn’t speak like Morrocan. Alright Naemah : Yehhh Chairperson: Right.. Alright, if.. Chairperson: Who? Chairperson : Madam Soya? She is from where? Others : Bulgaria.. (together) Chairperson : Bulgaria? Does she have the accent? Chairperson: What do you think? Do you think | 2. Common grammatical mistakes and errors by non-native English speakers. The types of errors can be categorised into two: descriptive and surface structures. Descriptive errors include noun phrase, verb phrase and complex sentence. While surface structure errors include omission, addition, misinformation, misordering and blends. After analysing the recorded conversation, there are few mistakes or errors made by Mr. Kamel during the said discussion. a. The use of unmarked forms instead of marked forms is far more frequent, as can be seen in the examples as follows. * I don’t know yours. * I don’t know about you. * .. as I said just now. * .. as I have said just now. One possible cause of these errors is merely interlingual errors which is the result of mother tongue influences ‘Saya tak tahu awak punya’ and ‘ seperti yang saya kata tadi. ’ respectively. In his article, ‘A Role for the Mother Tongue’ in ‘Language Transfer in Language Learning’, Professor Corder (1981) reinvestigated the phenomenon and questions the term ‘transfer’. He suggests that mother tongue influence as a neutral and broader term to refer to what has most commonly been called transfer. Corder says that since most studies of error were made on the basis of the performance of learners in formal situations where it appears that errors related to mother tongue are more frequent, it was natural that an explanation of the phenomenon was of considerable concern to the applied linguistic. It was out of this concern that the whole industry of contrastive studies arose. He also claims that as far as the acquisition of syntactic knowledge is concerned, no process appropriately called interference takes place, if by that we mean that the mother tongue actually inhibits, prevents, or makes more difficult the acquisition of some feature of the target language. The term ‘interference’ is now most often used to mean what is no more than the presence in the learner‘s performance in the target language of mother-tongue-like features which are incorrect according to the rules of the target language. b. Obviously. Mr. Kamel has the problem in pronouncing certain words especially in the pronunciation of the initial sound of common words like the, there, then and that. It is also the middle consonant sound in feather and the final sound of bathe. These sounds are formed with the tongue tip behind the upper front teeth. The initial sound of that and the final sound of both are both voiceless dental. This problem arises because Mr Kamel’s tongue is not merely touches the teeth. Thus, his pronunciation of these particular words are incorrect. Besides, difficulty in phonology can caused by mother tongue interference. Eltrug (1984) affirmed that mother tongue interference can contribute to a large number of pronunciation errors made by students. An English sound does exist in the native language, but not as separate phonemes. This simply means the first language speakers do not perceive it as a distinct sound that makes difference to meaning. For example The sound /? / does exist in Malay, but whether the vowel is long or short does not make any difference in meaning. For instance, the English phonemes/? / and /i:/ differ very much in meaning as in the words ‘leave’ and ‘live’, ‘sheep’ and ‘ship’. The great amount of vocabulary of English really makes the second language learner suffer in reading. There is a lot of words unknown and the most confusing point is even the second language learner know the meaning but they can’t really understand the meaning of the whole sentence. It is because an English word gives different impressions in different situations. This makes things so confusing about the meaning of the word. Grammatical interference is defined as the first language influencing the second in terms of word order, use of pronouns and determinants, tense and mood. Interference at a lexical level provides for the borrowing of words from one language and converting them to sound more natural in another and orthographic interference includes the spelling of one language altering another. In Malay grammar, it does not require one to have any form of determiner in front of instruments like computer, piano, internet. English grammar, however, requires the instruments mentioned above (computer, piano, internet) to be preceded by determiners and if neither a possessive determiner nor a demonstrative determiner is used, the use of either a definite article or an indefinite article is necessary. Thus, the ungrammatical sentences in could be the result of interference of the cultural transfer from Malay language structure on English. Erroneous form| Correct form| She plays piano while I sing. Malay: Dia bermain piano sementara saya menyanyi. | She plays the piano while I sing | She stay at home. Malay : Dia tinggal di rumah | She stays at home. | Table 1 : Examples of interference from the learners’ first language. c. Subjects also exhibited errors in subject-verb agreement as is shown in the examples as follows: * Every Monday, my class start at nine o’clock. * Every Monday, my class starts at nine o’clock. The omission of â€Å"-s† can be attributed to the fact that Bahasa Malaysia does not require verbs to agree with subjects. However, the ending free form is generalised for all persons to make the learning task easier and this is a common intralingual made by people with diverse native languages like Mr Kamel. 3. Causes and sources of errors and mistakes Interlingual errors are the result of mother tongue influences. Learners transfer/borrow some forms but not others due to two factors such as proto-typicality and language distance (Kellerman, 1979). Malay learners of English commonly make errors in negative sentences. For example: Adryna no coming today. [Adryna tak datang hari ini. ] Such errors are common in pre-verbal negation using no, the same negative construction as in their L1. In order to determine whether transfer is the cause for the occurrence of errors, James (1998), demonstrates that learners with a particular L1 make an error that those with a different L1 do not. He provides a useful summary of these strategies which includes the following; a. False analogy b. Misanalysis c. Incomplete rule application exploiting redundancy d. Overlooking co-occurrence restrictions e. System-simplification It is not clear which strategy is responsible for a particular error. Errors can also be viewed as ‘natural’ or as ‘induced’. For example: a. He played football yesterday. b. He goed home at six. c. He drinked milk. d. He eated dinner. e. He sleeped at eight. Conclusion To conclude, learners’ errors are a part of the learners’ language learning process. Hence, teachers should not penalise students for the errors they made. Instead, teachers should note those errors and devise ways to assist learners to overcome their problems in language learning. It is difficult to decide whether grammatically or acceptability should serve as the criterion for error analysis. If grammatically is chosen, an error can be defined as ‘breach of the rule of the code’ (Corder, 1967). Defining errors in terms of grammatically also necessitates giving consideration to the distinction between overt and covert error: In the field of methodology, there are two schools of thought with regard to learners’ error. Firstly, the school which maintains that if we were to achieve a perfect teaching method, the errors would have never be committed and therefore the occurrence of errors is merely a sign of inadequacy in our teaching techniques. The philosophy of the second school is that we live in an imperfect world and consequently errors will always occur in spite of our very best teaching and learning  methods. One effect has been perhaps to shift the emphasis away from a preoccupation with teaching towards a study of learning. The differences between the two are clearly defined: that the learning of the mother tongue is natural, whereas, we all know that there is no such inevitability about the learning of a second language; that the learning of the mother tongue is part of the whole maturational process of the child, whilst learning a second language normally begins only after the maturational process is complete. A child’s incorrect utterances can be interpreted as being evidence that he is in the process of acquiring language and the errors provide these evidences. Brown and Frazer (1964), point out that the best evidence a child possesses construction rules is the occurrence of systematic errors, since when the child speaks correctly, it is quite possible that he is only repeating something that he has heard. In the case of the second language learner, it is known that we do know some knowledge of what the input has been which we call as the syllabus. The simple fact of presenting a certain linguistic form to a learner in the classroom does not necessarily qualify it for the status of input, for the reason that input ‘is what goes in’, not ‘what is available’ for going in, and we may reasonably suppose that it is the learner who controls this input. This may well be determined by the characteristics of his language acquisition mechanism and not by those of the syllabus. References Mariam Mohd Nor, Abdul Halim Ibrahim, Shubbiah, R (2008). OUM-Linguistics and Language Teaching. Seri Kembangan, Selangor. Open University Malaysia. Corder, S. P. (1967). The significance of learners’ errors. International Review of Applied Linguistics, 5, 161-70. Corder, S. P. (1981). Error analysis and interlanguage. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Ames, C. (1998). Errors in language learning and use: Exploring error analysis. London: Longman. Kellerman, E. (1979). Transfer and non-transfer: Where are we now? Studies in Second Language Acquisition, 2: 37-57. Eltrug, N. S. (1984). Analysis of the Arab Learners Errors in Pronunciation of English Utterances in Isolation and Context. Ph. D Dissertation. The University of Kansas. Chomsky, N. (1965). Aspects of the theory of syntax . Cambridge, MA: MIT Press Paikeday, T. (1985). The native speaker is dead! Toronto: Paikeday Publishing. Rampton, M. B. H. (1990). Displacing the ‘native speaker’: Expertise, af? liation, and inheritance. ELT Journal 44. 2, 97–101. Davies, A. (1991). The native speaker in applied linguistics . Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press. Davies, A. (2003). The native speaker of World Englishes. Journal of Pan-Paci? c Association of Applied Linguistics 6. 1, 43–60

Quantitative Research Essay Example for Free

Quantitative Research Essay Introduction Quantitative research has been a numerical representation as well as manipulation of the observations for the objective about describing and explaining phenomena, which these observations reflect (Babbie, 2007). This has been used in lot of natural as well as social sciences, which includes biology, physics, sociology, psychology as well as geology. Research project where quantitative research would be most appropriate Research is an orderly investigation of the subject matter for aim of adding to the knowledge. With-in realm of the educational planning, several things have been always changing like structures of education systems, curriculums as well as text-books, mode of teaching, techniques of teacher’s training, amount as well as kind of provision to the schools like science laboratory, furniture, text-books, class-room supply, and so on. Widely used way to classify educational research study is for defining different kinds of research according to the types of information which they give. There have been several kinds of education research studies as well as there have been number of ways, in which they can be classified. The studies can be classified according to the topic where-by specific phenomena which have being investigated are used for grouping the studies. In the research on problems have been concerned with the educational planning, major educational research question may be subsumed under the three quantitative research techniques like correlational, descriptive as well as causal. So in the education planning quantitative research would be most appropriate Quantitative research usually uses techniques that are adopted from physical sciences, which have been designed towards ensuring the reliability, generalizability as well as objectivity. Such techniques include the techniques in which the research participants have been selected one by one from study population in the un-biased manner, standardized questionnaire or the intervention that they receive as well as statistical techniques used for testing the pre-determined hypotheses in regard to relationships in between particular variables. Researchers have been considered external towards actual research as well as results have been expected so as to be replicable no matter which has conducted a research. Strengths of a quantitative paradigm have been that their techniques produce reliable as well as quantifiable data, which have been often generalizable towards little large population. Quantitative measures have been usually much proper to conduct the requirements assessments and for evaluations comparing the results with a baseline data. Five quantitative methods There have been different kinds of quantitative research. For example they may have been classified as the survey research, descriptive, correlational research, causal comparative research as well as experimental research. All the methods are having their own typical features. Survey Survey has been defined as the technique about collecting the standardized information through interviewing the representative sample about certain population. In many cases the surveys includes direct contact with a population in the investigations (Chanimal, 1996). Descriptive Descriptive research includes collecting the data so as to test the hypotheses and answer the questions relating to the present status of subjects of a study. Correlational Correlational research determines if and to what degree the relationship prevails in between 2 as well as more quantifiable variables. Cause comparative Causal comparative research often establishes cause-effect relationship as well as it also compares relationship however cause might not manipulated, like gender. Experimental Experimental research usually establishes cause-effect relationship as well as does a comparison however cause has been manipulated. Cause, is the independent variable which makes a difference. Effect, is the dependent variable which is based on independent variable. Most appropriate method Survey research has been general in studies of the health as well as health services. Term survey has been used in lot of methods however often it refers to a selection of the much larger sample of the people by the pre determined population, which is followed through collection of the much smaller amount of the data by these individuals. Thus researcher uses information by the sample about individuals towards making few inferences about a wider population. General problem with the quantitative methodologies Situation in which the quantitative research might fail is if we are willing to explore the problem in a depth. Any quantitative research has been good in giving the information in breadth by the larger no. of units. However, if we are willing to explore the problem as well as concept in a depth, the quantitative methods have too shallow. For actually getting in the phenomenon, we are required to go for the ethnographic techniques, the interviews, in depth case studies as well as other qualitative methods. Recommendations for fixing a problem What if we have been doing when we are willing to look at both the breadth as well as the depth, or at both the causality and the meaning? In such situations, this has been best for using the so called the mixed technique design in that we uses both the quantitative for instance, the questionnaire as well as the qualitative for instance, no. of the case studies techniques. Mixed technique research has been a flexible approach in which research design has been determined through what we require finding out than through any pre-determined epistemological positions. In the mixed technique research, the quantitative or the qualitative components may pre-dominate or both may have the equal status. Possible to Mix the Quantitative Methodologies Integrating the quantitative research techniques lends the depth as well as clarity towards the social marketing programs. The combination of approaches has been compulsory due to the wide range about the data required to develop the effective communications. But potential for the problems prevails while attempting towards combining a divergent research paradigm; one can end up through not doing either kind of the research well. Such an integrative approach thus needs the research team with an expertise in both kinds of techniques. Using the so many approaches may also be very time consuming, lot much labor intensive as well as expensive. Other obstacle that would probably change as the social marketing gains in the usage has been that combining the multiple techniques has been still not accepted lot much as the viable research strategy, minimum in the main-stream of the public health circles. Conclusion To conclude, this paper describes the research project in which the quantitative research might be most appropriate. There have been different kinds of quantitative research. For example, they have been classified as the survey research, correlational research, experimental research and causal comparative research as well as descriptive.

Tawam Hospital History And Background Commerce Essay

Tawam Hospital History And Background Commerce Essay Tawam Hospital is a JCIA accredited hospital and considered to be a training and research hospital linked with UAE University, Faculty of Medicine and Health Science. Tawam Hospital was opened officially on 17, December 1979 under the directions of the late H.H Sheikh Zayed who had chosen its location. The hospital is owned by Abu Dhabi Health Services (SEHA) and it is complied with the Health Authority à ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬ Abu Dhabi (HAAD). Tawam Hospital is a Middle East Center of Excellence for oncology care, Neonatal Intensive Care, and general ICU services in addition to outstanding patient care delivery programs in other specialties such as the home care services for elderly in addition to the baby friendly services that is recognized internationally (Docstoc, 2010). Tawam works to provide a quality health care services that meets the expectations of their patients because they promise to treat patients as part of their families as stated in their mission and vision (Tawam Hospital, 2010). The managerial practices At Tawam, the CEO office hold a weekly meeting for the A-Team members to negotiate the overall performance and issues related to all the hospital departments. Medical issues and concerns are discussed to seek a solution and guidance. Administrative issues are also negotiated like promotions, policies transfers and re-structuring. The hospital overall strategy is presented to allow all the departments to do the necessary actions to comply with it. In the past 2 years, the main objective of the A-Team meetings was to negotiate the plans and objectives on the construction of the new hospital building and the alternatives till the project finish. Current problems and difficulties The major difficulty that faces Tawam Hospital is the integration of the new Hospital Information System (HIS) with the lack of technology of our professional doctors. A comprehensive and planned training program for IT and computer basics was given to all the doctors prior to the implementation of the HIS that led to the success of the initial implantation of the project. Another major problem at Tawam is the conflict with SEHA regarding the internal policies at Tawam that prevent Tawam from taking independent decisions regarding the health care systems or the IT infrastructure. The new evolving role of HRM is the strategic management that is aligned with the corporate mission and goals in addition to performing the basic functionality of HRM. In other words, decisions related to employees should be analyzed to consider their effect on the organizations mission and goal accomplishment (U.S. Office of Personnel Management, 1999). What is manpower planning? According to BusinessDictionary.com, manpower planning is defined as estimating the required skilled personnel to accomplish work tasks overtime and specifying how and when they should be acquired. People are considered the most valuable assets for any organization, therefore; financial and technological assets cant give organizations a competitive edge without human capital. For our case, Tawam Hospital which is a healthcare organization, planning the human resource is classified according to the job context where there are different classifications like physicians or health care specialists, laboratory technicians and administrative staff. Mainly, for healthcare organizations, the manpower market is similar to other organizations labor market which is based on demand and supply. Healthcare organization demands for workforce are based upon the population demand for health care. Careful considerations of the population size and structure in addition to patients expectation of healthcare services and the society income and living standards should be considered while planning the workforce for any hospital (Bloor Maynard, 2003). Many factors affect the labor supply in healthcare organizations. Most healthcare professionals expect high incomes and have a special perceived social status in the society. Also the relation among healthcare professionals can be controlled by the skill mix they adhere and their usage of complements and substitutes in their work; and this can affect the supply of healthcare professionals based on the current available professionals in the field hospital (Bloor Maynard, 2003). Other factors may affect the supply in UAE like the labor law and the government regulations. At Tawam Hospital, the manpower planning is affected by the rules and regulations of SEHA where the all the departments needs to submit their business plan to HR and then HR sends them to SEHA for analysis, approval and budget estimations. When SEHA approves the business plans and the future positions, it sends them back to Tawam Finance to allocate the budgets for each new positions then the HR Director approves the plan, the manpower planning maintain the new positions in the database of the HRIS for each department. The hiring process cant be processed unless there is a vacant position for that requesting department. Sometimes the need for the position forces the manpower planning to find a way to create the position even if the department doesnt have a vacant position in the database. Sometimes they split/merge available positions to create the required position. For the medical departments, manpower planning used to suggest borrowing positions from department to department under the approval of both parties and the HR Director to cover the need for the new position. Manpower planning gives organizations a value in managing workforce diversity; and also adds an important effect in recruitment, employee retentions and development. Moreover, proper planning for workforce increases the quality of the corporate staff and hence improves the output services or products accomplishment (U.S. Office of Personnel Management, 1999). At Tawam Hospital, the manpower planning provides a monthly study that identifies the number of filled/vacant positions within each section and department in the organization. Also the monthly report analysis the workforce diversity based on the number of national and non-national employees in each department. This report is sent to SEHA monthly to prepare the plan for the workforce yearly or help to made adjustment to the current plan. HR department is the only department in any organizations that affect all employees in all the different levels, therefore, Human resource planning is considered to be important because it can help organizations be more productive and cost-efficient. Human resource planning can help organizations to forecast their future needs of employees and also the expenses; where tactical plans are set based on long term forecasting that is aligned with corporate strategy to determine the required skills at the right time with the expected costs. Planning workforce helps also to minimize the corporate expenses to cut unnecessary jobs that can be accomplished by the available employees. The hiring process can be improved if HR plans well the recruitment process based on the forecasting and needs analysis, also the communication between HR department and line managers can help a lot in developing a good plan for what skills are required to accomplish the corporate goals (Schwartz, nd). HR planning helps organizations to estimate the types of KSA (Knowledge, Skills, Abilities) with their employees and how to utilize them efficiently. Also, good workforce planning helps organization to keep their employees by providing the good career development paths (Vareta, nd). At Tawam Hospital, the manpower planning performs many activities that serve the organization. One of those activities is called Reporting Structure Hierarchy which aims to identify who reports to whom using the HRIS database to assist in transferring or promotions activities. Another activity is called the Position Master Change PMC where requests for changing the position titles goes under the approval of HR to be reflected in the organization hierarchy in the HRIS. Promotions at Tawam should be identified initially by the manpower planning where they check if there is a vacant position for the department requesting the promotion and if there is a position, the manpower planning approves the promotion to enter the promotions committee; otherwise, the promotion is rejected. When the promotion is rejected, the merging/splitting positions may be a solution if the requesting department has other vacant positions or they can borrow positions from other department within the same divisi on under their approval. Approaches for manpower planning Rationalized approach Organization Strategy Targets Organization Practices Methods Manpower Review and Analysis Forecasting Internal External Demand Supply Adjust to Balance Recruit Retain Reduce Chart 1: The Rationalized Approach to Manpower PlanningPlanning is defined as the outcome of series of processes to find a solution to a problem. Rationalizing HR planning is done to provide easy methods to be followed to take decisions about choices of available alternatives before the implementation. Rational considerations of the issues surrounding the organization are the base for the rational model of manpower planning. In this approach, the organization strategy along with the implemented practices and methods to achieve the goals are considered when analyzing the manpower supply and demand based on the internal and external factors that affect the organization performance. SWOT analysis to determine the corporate strength and weakness and the surrounding market opportunities and threats helps in this approach to forecast future needs. Based on that analysis, decisions related to future recruitment, retention or even reducing the manpower can be taken easily to adjust the balan ce of the skills available(Bratton Gold, 2007). Diagnostic approach Chart 2: The Diagnostic Approach to Manpower Planning Manpower plans and policies Operations Monitored through Qualitative Quantitative techniques Understanding of causes Plan of action to control The diagnostic approach for manpower planning is based on the rationalized approach that aims to identify problems related to workforce using quantitative and qualitative techniques and also identify the causes for those problems. The ideal situation of manpower demands and supply doesnt exist in the real life where continuous imbalance between what skills needed and the market supply faces the organizations. Diagnostic approach of manpower planning can identify such problems with their causes. As illustrated in chart 2, identifying manpower problems is done through monitoring the operations using qualitative and quantitative techniques to understand their causes and prepare action plan to solve those problems (Bratton Gold, 2007). As mentioned earlier, the manpower planning receives the approved planned positions after the approval of SEHA, Finance department and HR director to open the positions in the HRIS only without producing a clear plan on the demanded manpower for the hospital. SEHA prepares the manpower plans based on the business plan developed by all departments of Tawam and after the analysis, they send their approval to the finance department of Tawam for budget allocation and process. Stages for human resource planning The planning for an organizational workforce requires a systematic procedure to be implemented that will assure getting the objectives of the manpower planning which is at the end helping the organization to achieve its goals using efficient human capital and resources. According to Bratton Gold (2007), the planning process for human resources involves four stages. Evaluation of existing manpower resources Estimation of the proportion of currently employed manpower resources that were likely to be within the firm by the forecast date Assessment of labor requirements Measures to ensure the needed resources are available when required The process defined by Bratton Gold, 2007 involves the process of forecasting the supply in the first two stages, and forecasting the demand in the third stage and then developing the plan to utilize the human capital when needed in the past stage. Priyadarshini (2009) had proposed another manpower planning process that has four different stages: Analyzing the current manpower inventory Making future manpower forecasts Developing employment programs Design training programs According to Priyadarshini (2009), the demand forecasting for new skills of workforce should be done after analyzing the overall organization business nature, its department and employees skills and quantities within each department. After analyzing the available human resources and future forecasts, procedures for employment programs can be settled through the prober selection and placement plans. Training programs will be designed and planned according to the new market trends in technology and also based on the available skills that need to be enhanced or developed according to the analysis result of the first stage. At Tawam, the manpower planning produces monthly reports that help SEHA to analyze the business plan of the hospital to plan the required workforce for the next year. At 2008 a complete analysis of the manpower planning was developed by one staff of the manpower section as an assignment for the probation period evaluation. The plan was on the medical departments to examine the number of patients in each clinic and how many consultants or physicians available and needed in the upcoming year. Indeed, that was an individual effort that doesnt reflect the actual practice because the manpower forecasting and planning is controlled by SEHA not the hospital. Internal external factors affecting healthcare human resource planning Healthcare supply and demand processes for human resources are influences by two factors: the first factor is its narrow approach in its focus that leads to focus only on medical practitioners ignoring the fact of the inter-relations or the substitutions possibilities of other medical fields like the nursing. The second factor is that it had a mechanistic approach with supply side driven (Bloor Maynard, 2003). Healthcare resource planners estimate the supply of medical practitioners graduated from medical schools or migrated to the country ignoring the behavioral changes of their career paths. Chart 3: Healthcare practitioners supply factors Tawam hospital manpower planning is affected externally by the labor low that enforces the approval of the private sector medical center of the new hires to work at Tawam. Also the planning at Tawam is affected internally by the departmental business plans which determine what is requires and by the available allocated budget from SEHA that forces the hospital to freeze the recruitment for a while. Recommendation: Since the manpower planning is controlled by SEHA based on the budget and departmental business plan, Tawam manpower planning can analyze the departmental business plans and provide the complete plan for the required workforce with their budget estimation instead of wasting the time waiting for the approval from SEHA. The monthly report or study should be linked to the HR theory to be more valid and also it should include suggestions on how to re-plan the workforce not just figures and numbers. Resources: Schwartz, Rick, nd. Importance of Human Resource Planning. Retrieved on: 10/April/2010 from: http://www.ehow.com/about_6130541_importance-human-resource-planning.html U.S. Office of Personnel Management, Office of Merit Systems Oversight and Effectiveness, 1999. Strategic Human Resources Management: Aligning with the Mission. www. BusinessDictionary.com Bloor, Karen Maynar, Aland, 2003. Planning human resources in health care: Towards an economic approach, An international comparative review. University of York. Vareta, Nyamupachari, nd. Importance of Human Resources Planning in Organizations. Retrieved on: 11/4/2010 from: www.coursework.info Bratton, John and Gold, Jeff, 2007. Human Resource Management, Theory and Practice, 4th edition. M Priyadarshini, 2009. Manpower planning in organizations. Retrieved on 24/4/2010 from: http://www.articlesbase.com/human-resources-articles/manpower-planning-in-organisation-1399674.html#axzz0lxChq8Mf Karen Bloor, Alan Maynard, 2003. Planning human resources in health care: Towards an economic approach- An international comparative review. University of York. Tawam Hospital, 2010. Retrieved from: www.tawamhospital.ae, on1/May, 2010. http://www.docstoc.com/docs/DownloadDoc.aspx?doc_id=29675768, on1/May, 2010.

Hallucinogen Essay example -- essays research papers

Hallucinogen While many drugs speed up or depress the central nervous system, there is a class of drugs that distorts how we feel, hear, see, smell, taste, and think. Called hallucinogens because users often hallucinate, or experience nonexistent sensations, these drugs are also known as psychedelic, or mind-bending, drugs. Some hallucinogens come from natural sources; others are made in laboratories. Examples of natural hallucinogens are mescaline, psilocybin, DMT, and marijuana. Mescaline, which has been used by American Indians in religious ceremonies, comes from the peyote cactus. Psilocybin, also used by the Indians and believed to have supernatural powers, is found in about 20 varieties of mushrooms. Once ingested, psilocybin is converted to psilocin, which is responsible for the drug's hallucinogenic sensations. DMT (dimethyltryptamine) is a short-acting hallucinogen found in the seeds of certain West Indian and South American plants. In the form of snuff, called cohoba, it has been used in religious ceremonies in Haiti. Marijuana is a plant belonging to the hemp family . The active principle responsible for the drug's effects is tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), obtained from the amber-colored resin of the flowering tops and leaves of the plant. Hashish is also made from this resin. Of all drugs, synthetic and natural, the most powerful is LSD, or lysergic acid diethylamide. Twenty micrograms, an almost infinitesimal amount, is sufficient to produce a hallucinogenic effect; just 3 pounds (1.4 kilograms) could induce a reaction in all the inhabitants of New York City and London. This extraordinary potency makes LSD especially dangerous since it is usually impossible to determine how much is contained in doses offered by drug dealers. LSD is chemically derived from ergot, a parasitic fungus that grows on rye and other grains. An odorless, colorless, and tasteless substance, LSD is sold on the street in tablets, capsules, and sometimes liquid form. It is usually taken by mouth but can be injected. Often LSD is placed on a blotter or other absorbent paper and marked into small squares, each representing one dose. Synthetic hallucinogens with effects resembling those of LSD include DET (diethyltryptamine), a synthetic compound similar to DMT, and DOM (2,5- dimethoxy-4-methylamphetamine), a compound that combines some of the properties of mescaline and amphet... ...ects of hallucinogens are dilated pupils, raised body temperature, increased heart rate and blood pressure, sweating, loss of appetite, sleeplessness, dry mouth, and tremors. The long-term effects are less certain. LSD users may experience involuntary flashbacks during which the drug's effects reappear without warning. Such flashbacks can occur days, months, or even years after the drug was last used. Some LSD users develop organic brain damage, manifested by impaired memory and attention span, mental confusion, and difficulty with abstract thinking. It is still unclear whether such damage can be reversed when LSD use is halted. Although hallucinogens can pose a threat to health when used indiscriminately, they may also have therapeutic uses in medicine when administered under controlled circumstances. A synthetic form of THC, the active principle in marijuana, has been approved for prescription use by persons who suffer from the severe nausea that often accompanies cancer chemotherapy and for whom other antinausea drugs are unsuitable or ineffective. LSD was once used to treat persons with certain mental disorders, but such use was abandoned because of the drug's harmful effects.

Essay --

Doctor John Parker Hammond is Scottish venture capitalist who develops a park on an island where dinosaurs can be brought back to life, through the miracles of science. He does this for the entertainment, and profit, of the people. However, the dinosaurs escape to bring terror upon those on the island, themselves, and the island itself. It is made very clear from the first scene that Jurassic Park is a commentary on global market capitalism. It both drives the story and its central complication. Capital is a resource gained through a good or service, which can be used to create more goods or services, not always ending up to be money. These things could act like money or create money. For Hammond, the park is a capital, being that he hopes to profit in some way financially from it. Hammond makes it clear throughout the film that they've â€Å"spared no expense,† in getting the park up and ready for the public. He is now made aware of the dangers of the park, due to one of his employees being killed by one of the dinosaurs. This worker is made a product of and subject to capital as an enemy from the start. When there were complications with one of the dinosaur containment units, the investors of InGen become scared off. Hammond decides to venture off to find Genarro, a lawyer, and three experts. He suggest to host these people, so they could sign off on the safety of the park, because it is a risky opportunity for investors. Doctors Grant and Satler have been very hesitant to take Hammond up on his offer. They discuss how they'd like to focus on their work. Recently, a full diplodocus skeleton was sold for over $650,000, according to BBC.co.uk. These doctors have just discovered what could possibly be the biggest find they've eve... ...such as a home loan, or perhaps creating an island filled with dinosaurs. Perhaps Jurassic park wasn't meant to be a complete commentary on consumerism and capitalism, but it was anyway. If we look at each character's intentions, we'll see that each played part in a greater idea that might possibly be a symbol for the economic system as a whole. John Hammond represents the fat-cat big business type that has an end game of profit and succession. Doctors Grant and Salter are the endorsers of the product. Malcolm is the curious consumer that doesn't fall into the obvious ploys of the fat cats and offers up an array of questions. Hammond's grandchildren are the innocent children of the market, observing and letting others be the first to grab. The characters behave in the ways the market requires them to in order to succeed. We, as consumers also behave the same way. Essay -- Doctor John Parker Hammond is Scottish venture capitalist who develops a park on an island where dinosaurs can be brought back to life, through the miracles of science. He does this for the entertainment, and profit, of the people. However, the dinosaurs escape to bring terror upon those on the island, themselves, and the island itself. It is made very clear from the first scene that Jurassic Park is a commentary on global market capitalism. It both drives the story and its central complication. Capital is a resource gained through a good or service, which can be used to create more goods or services, not always ending up to be money. These things could act like money or create money. For Hammond, the park is a capital, being that he hopes to profit in some way financially from it. Hammond makes it clear throughout the film that they've â€Å"spared no expense,† in getting the park up and ready for the public. He is now made aware of the dangers of the park, due to one of his employees being killed by one of the dinosaurs. This worker is made a product of and subject to capital as an enemy from the start. When there were complications with one of the dinosaur containment units, the investors of InGen become scared off. Hammond decides to venture off to find Genarro, a lawyer, and three experts. He suggest to host these people, so they could sign off on the safety of the park, because it is a risky opportunity for investors. Doctors Grant and Satler have been very hesitant to take Hammond up on his offer. They discuss how they'd like to focus on their work. Recently, a full diplodocus skeleton was sold for over $650,000, according to BBC.co.uk. These doctors have just discovered what could possibly be the biggest find they've eve... ...such as a home loan, or perhaps creating an island filled with dinosaurs. Perhaps Jurassic park wasn't meant to be a complete commentary on consumerism and capitalism, but it was anyway. If we look at each character's intentions, we'll see that each played part in a greater idea that might possibly be a symbol for the economic system as a whole. John Hammond represents the fat-cat big business type that has an end game of profit and succession. Doctors Grant and Salter are the endorsers of the product. Malcolm is the curious consumer that doesn't fall into the obvious ploys of the fat cats and offers up an array of questions. Hammond's grandchildren are the innocent children of the market, observing and letting others be the first to grab. The characters behave in the ways the market requires them to in order to succeed. We, as consumers also behave the same way.

Enzymes :: Free Essays

Enzymes are proteins, composed of polypeptide chains and non-protein groups. Their function is to help with the reactions of many cells and molecules by serving as catalysts. A catalyst is a substance that allows the activation energy required for a reaction by forming a temporary association with the molecules that are reacting. During this process, the catalyst itself is not permanently altered in the process, and so it can be used over and over again. Because of catalysts, cells are able to carry out chemical reactions at a great speed and at comparative low temperatures.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Almost 2,000 different enzymes are now known, each of them capable of catalyzing a specific chemical reaction. The molecule (s) on which an enzyme acts is known as its substrate. For example, sucrose is the substrate for the enzyme sucrase. Enzymes have specific structures that only its specific substrate will fit into. The polypeptide chains of an enzyme are folded in such way that they form a grove or pocket on the surface. The substrate fits in to this grove, which is the site of reactions catalyzed by the enzyme, or active site. Recent studies of enzyme structure have suggested that the active site is flexible. The binding between enzymes and substrate appears to alter the shape of the enzyme. This induces a close fit between the active site and the substrate. It is also believed that this may put some strain on the substrate molecule facilitating the reaction.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Another characteristics of enzymes are competitive inhibition and non-competitive inhibition. Competitive inhibition is the binding of a competitive molecule to the active site of the enzyme. This prevents the proper substrate from reacting with the enzyme. In non-competitive inhibition the binding of a non-competitive inhibitor to another site on the enzyme induces an allosteric change, or conformational change, that prevents the active site from binding to the proper substrate. Enzymes :: Free Essays Enzymes are proteins, composed of polypeptide chains and non-protein groups. Their function is to help with the reactions of many cells and molecules by serving as catalysts. A catalyst is a substance that allows the activation energy required for a reaction by forming a temporary association with the molecules that are reacting. During this process, the catalyst itself is not permanently altered in the process, and so it can be used over and over again. Because of catalysts, cells are able to carry out chemical reactions at a great speed and at comparative low temperatures.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Almost 2,000 different enzymes are now known, each of them capable of catalyzing a specific chemical reaction. The molecule (s) on which an enzyme acts is known as its substrate. For example, sucrose is the substrate for the enzyme sucrase. Enzymes have specific structures that only its specific substrate will fit into. The polypeptide chains of an enzyme are folded in such way that they form a grove or pocket on the surface. The substrate fits in to this grove, which is the site of reactions catalyzed by the enzyme, or active site. Recent studies of enzyme structure have suggested that the active site is flexible. The binding between enzymes and substrate appears to alter the shape of the enzyme. This induces a close fit between the active site and the substrate. It is also believed that this may put some strain on the substrate molecule facilitating the reaction.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Another characteristics of enzymes are competitive inhibition and non-competitive inhibition. Competitive inhibition is the binding of a competitive molecule to the active site of the enzyme. This prevents the proper substrate from reacting with the enzyme. In non-competitive inhibition the binding of a non-competitive inhibitor to another site on the enzyme induces an allosteric change, or conformational change, that prevents the active site from binding to the proper substrate.

Commentary on Women Beware Women Essay

Beware Women is a Jacobean tragedy, which has a complex plot and deals with corrupted characters. This tragedy is about corruption in the court and life in general, love by money and how women can lead other women to destruction. As Tricomi states about the characters, they ‘are not wholly the product of their circumstances, but their circumstances condition their choices and propel them toward their destiny’. Middleton, as other Jacobean playwrights before him, has managed to point out that ‘aristocratic life is brutal and corrupt’. 2] The focus of this commentary will be concentrated on marriage and to what can lead one to fall apart. The first scene (Act I), deals with the characters of the play’s main plot: Leantio, Bianca and the Mother. In this scene, the readers come across with the insulting behaviour towards Bianca, where she is treated as an object. Leantio speaks of his wife with words of business, to him she is â€Å"the most unvalued’st purchase†.He describes her as if she was a dangerous object that must stay hidden and safe, away from the sight of men. When he talks about her, it is obvious that Bianca is for him a treasure and he is the thief that now has to hide his â€Å"best piece of theft† (I. ii) in a safe place so no one will steal it from him. Such words describing a human being are rather cruel, especially when Leantio is talking about a person for whom he is supposed to have true and pure feelings of love. Leantio is aware that Bianca’s family is rich, but he also knows that by marrying Bianca in secrecy and taking her away from them, Bianca will lose all of the property and money that belongs to her. He has also written over to her his house and put his mother in jeopardy. Although his act seems a romantic one and, even though he speaks of that relationship and feelings as being pure, his love is not mature; rather, it is one filled with jealousy. In the beginning of the play Bianca could be characterised as the victim because she has a mother-in-law who is not fond of her and does not approve their marriage and she is now imprisoned in poverty and in home. However, Bianca is ‘as much a victim as perpetrator, and she is to be judged as a tragic protagonist with a vexing mix of virtues and flaws’. [3] As seen in the plot, the Mother aids and abets in Bianca’s meeting with the Duke. The Mother and Livia hatched up a plan for Bianca’s rape and she falls into the trap, as Isabella did, but the rape was almost enticed on her part. ‘The attitude towards Bianca is one of dehumanizing possession and manipulation’. [4] But Bianca, after that, changes drastically and soon enough she becomes one of the most corrupted characters, who along with others, brings about the downfall and the final bloodshed in the play. Bianca chose money over her marriage, although, she blames the other women for her disaster. ‘Treachery and betrayal [†¦ ] are Bianca’s terms of explanation for her downfall’. [5] Bianca is seen by her mother-in-law as an added burden to her son’s finances. The Mother’s interest is focused only on money. For the Mother, Bianca as a wife has nothing to offer, she will only demand and receive. The Mother is sizing up the economics of their situation now that there are three members in the family. Leantio can barely support himself, and up until now he had to support his mother as well. The Mother doubts that her son is able to support a family of three. She claims that nothing can save him from this financial dead end by saying â€Å"My life can give you But little helps, and my death lesser hopes† (I. i). The Mother thinks of Bianca, as for every other wife, that she will require from Leantio â€Å"maintenance† (I. ii) fitting to her â€Å"birth and virtues† (I. ii), but also gratification of her desire for â€Å"affections, wills, and humours† (I. ii). [6] Leantio then expresses his intentions towards Bianca, by replying to his mother’s words, pleading with her not to â€Å"teach her to rebel† (I. ii) now that â€Å"she’s in a good way to obedience† (I. ii). Leantio’s â€Å"assurance† (I. ii), of keeping his â€Å"jewel† (I. ii) locked away â€Å"from all men’s eyes† (I. ii), is his mother. She is the one who holds the â€Å"key† (I. i) to his â€Å"treasure† (I. ii), and â€Å"old mothers† (I. ii) are â€Å"good to look to keys† (I. ii) when â€Å"sons lock chests† (I. ii). However, the irony here is that later on, it’s the Mother herself who pushes Bianca towards rape with the Duke, first to get rid of her, but then to accrue some of the benefits from the court life for herself and her son. Bianca is to Leantio nothing but an object of â€Å"great value† (I. ii), a â€Å"matchless jewel† (I. ii) that he has stolen. Because â€Å"temptation is a devil will not stick to fasten upon a saint† (I. ii), Leantio’s â€Å"gem† (I. ii) must stay hidden and locked. This is the â€Å"great policy† (I. i) for Leantio in order to never lose a treasure; never â€Å"show thieves our wealth† (I. ii). Bianca is the â€Å"treasure† (I. ii), Leantio is the â€Å"thief† (I. ii), and the â€Å"key† (I. ii) to his happiness holds his mother, thus, it could be said that the chest with the key is symbolic of Leantio and Bianca’s relationship. To conclude, this tragedy proves that women should beware women. Women lead other women to destruction, and are even responsible for another woman’s rape. Corruption and enemies are present everywhere but, as Bianca says in her dying breath, â€Å"Like our own sex, we have no enemy†.

Whether the Burgess land use model is still relevant in the modern day

urban shore up use influences atomic number 18 knowing to help us understand how towns develop. Although towns and cities stupefy no exact match, the mannequins ar intentional to show that every urban field of operations has its similarities. Since models r arely take into account things wish well hills and rivers, there are no guarantees that the model leave be completely accurate. I am using the burgher model because it was one of the most successful discharge use models- it may well be similarly successful in the novel town.A man called E.W Burgess intentional an Urban Land use model, identification it after himself. It was designed in his national country of America, in the urban center of Chicago. This is what he designedBurgess surmise was that people competed for curb issue forths of space. Only people who that the regularizes were arranged concentrically, variant in maturate and character. Burgess believed that the house became newer, and the residents became wealthier, the promote they got from the CBD. The people who could open up the scoop arena got it, people like businessmen. The poorest groups were leftover with the worst locations. Burgess believed that different zones of the metropolis had different functions.These are the sections of the city that he identified* Central business order contains the major shops and offices, and is the centre for commerce, entertainment and run.* sell shorten down industry- This is where the oldest lodging in the city is. Such housing is usually deteriorating into spend property. Some areas are excessively organism taken over by light industry. The locals tend to be immigrants or poorer loving groups.* Low relegate residential- Inhabited by people who turn over managed to escape from the foregoing zone. They work in nearby factories, and mount up to no choice but to stretch forth there so they suffer ingest to work quickly and cheaply.* Medium household residential- The housing is of a offend quality, and is in general turnout detached and council estates.* High class residential- Occupied by people who can afford the most expensive properties and the high up cost of properties, and the high cost of commuting. This zone as well includes the commuter villages beyond the mete of the city, although there were few in Burgess time.The Burgess model is also linked to the bid-rent model. The amount of funds different arrive users are leading to profit for the lower depends on their location- the CBD has the most expensive rents. It is the most amicable area as most acquit services are focused on the city centre, and main roads invite here. The more than additionible a location, past the easier it is to get there. Therefore, people prefer to exhaust work locations that people can access easily, and are also prepared to pay more for them.The Burgess Model also ignores the fact that nearly all towns are affected by physical features m uch(prenominal) as rivers, lakes and hills. It also ignores heavy industries, and housing re reading. Also, in 1924, there was non so much dependence on transport as there is today.Other weaknesses in the model include the criticism that in reality, zones do not just end, and the coterminous one begins. Zones overflow, and the model is designed for super developed cities such as Chicago, and not 3rd world cities that you might picture in Ethiopia and Sudan. Therefore, the model is not universally correct.Hypothesis 1.Land use changes with amplification distance from the centre of Blaydon.This statement fits in with the Burgess model, as Burgess claimed that the land near the CBD ordain be densely populated and tightly fitted, whilst the land give out on out of town allow for have more room for things like gardens. Houses forget be terraced near the town centre, and semi detatched on the outskirts. This statement fits in with Burgess beg Rent Model, as he claimed that lan d in the centre of the town was more useful and therefore expensive, so slight people would be able to afford big gardens.This hypothesis should be true, because in reality most towns grow from the centre, and result therefore have many buildings squashed into a small section of land near the middle, but towards the countryside there is more free spaceHypothesis 2. admit age will become young with increasing distance from the centre of Blaydon.This theory fits into the burgess model because the further you are from the city centre the younger the houses will be because the growth of cities are from the CBD so the houses on the outskirts will be the youngest. The CBD was construct first in the beginning of the development of Blaydon. This means that houses will be built after the early developments. This process will continue until there is no land to build on. This theory means that houses will be younger as you progress further form the CBD.The hypothesis should be true beca use the Burgess model claims city growth occurred in the CBD first accordingly grew outwards form there.Hypothesis 3The quality of spirit will make break dance with increasing distance from the CBD of Blaydon.This theory also fits into the burgess model because as you get further away from the CBD the environs qualities should amplify and also better housing materials will be available. Hypothesis 2 cogitate with this hypothesis because as the houses become younger, they will become more modern and better building methods will be existence used. Quality of life will increase due to the steady increase of sizing in houses as you progress further from the CBD. Bigger houses mean more money and better quality of life. For example, big gardens and garages come with with driveways. In my view this is a better quality of life compared to terraced houses with no gardens.This hypothesis should be true because the house age will decrease and quality of life will increase as you move further form the CBD. Also the environment wont be as bad because the roads and air will be little congested.

Case Study on Hr Planning Essay

It is the countrys best secernd get-up-and-go brand. Centrica is a multinational connection, with demarcationes in m any(prenominal) countries. Centrica was organise in 1997 and consists of eight separate animation-related c ruborit linees, ranging from the supply of shove off and electricity to consumers and agreements in the UK and Europe, to storage of turgidness for some different grantrs, and drain and pipe butt maintenance. The UK life force foodstuff is exaltedly dynamic. Customers look for the best deals and be increasingly prep ared to switch suppliers.In 2007, 900,000 guests switched energy providers. An energy company inevitably to fork out it is not solely belligerent on price, but that it stool to a fault provide the proper levels of customer aid to suck and retain customers. British petrol does not wholly supply gas but as well deals with the quickness and maintenance of national central heating and appliances. It provides a maintenance and breakdown service for electrical face cloth undecomposeds and home wiring. Through the Dyno brand, British flatulency withal offers drain clearing services, plumbing and home security de crock upment services. To deliver these services, British tout take high calibre lag.It employs more than 9,000 trained gas engineers to lay down and affirm central heating and gas appliances. This show window study explores how British botch manages the military recruitment and choice of rude(a) employees. rascal 2The role of forgiving resource oversight Managing a successful salient argumentation involves acquiring, originateing and maintaining a ample jog of resources. These resources include materials, buildings, land, equipment, technology and, crucially, wakeless deal. Any organisation involve good employees who gull the decently skills to achieve the companys aims and objectives.Human resource management (HRM) is the business function that focuses on the quite a little aspects of an organisation. It construes the efficient management of people in the business. It is responsible for ensuring that an organisation has the decline wing people to deliver its overall business plan. meet customer needs Centrica, the parent corporation of British triggerman, has to deliver long term profitability. Its shareholders book the business to show a return on their investment funds by making profits, now and in the future. British ordnance needs to contribute to these profits.This means systemati citey meeting the needs of its customers with competitively priced products and services that support good returns to the company. Residential consumers across the country are the result customer base of British throttle valve. These customers bear top-class service at keen prices. If British muck up does not meet this standard, the company may recur business to competitors. To ensure customer satisf legal action, British catalyst engineers mol dinessiness have the skillful skills to undertake endure to the demand standard and the people skills to deliver good customer service.Through its engineer recruitment team, the British Gas Academy must therefore ensure that the company deplumes and retains the best engineers. This involves several complementary tasks. It requires preparation to assess the future needs for expert employees at British Gas. It requires a recruitment and cream political program to bring new people into the business. It requires a upbringing operation to equip new recruits and existing employees with the right skills. Retaining people Importantly, British Gas must in like manner ensure that it retains its best people.It is much more make up effective to retain trained and highly skilled staff than recruit and train up new people. British Gas seeks to retain people by offering a mix of financial and non-financial benefits. As well as good pay and a pension scheme, the company provides employe es with the opportunity to buy shares in Centrica and it offers a great place to work and high-class reading. Page 3 raising As an expanding business, British Gas needed to increase its workforce to meet customer demand. At the end of 2002, British Gas established the British Gas Academy.The Academy has helped to develop and refocus culture facilities to handle the extra training requirement in recruiting an additional 5,000 employees into the engineer workforce. * British Gas runs an intensive apprenticeship programme. This is delivered in training centres. Trainees should expect to qualify by year five. All domestic gas engineers become fully acquainted with the in vogue(p) computer-aided diagnostic technology.There are also traineeships, which provide a way for new recruits to learn intimately the gas industry and gain relevant skills and qualifications. British Gas provides technical training for all its engineers with with(predicate)out their careers. This ensures that its employees are kept up-to- interpret with new development and technologies to en equal them to provide the best service possible. Training does not simply focus on technical skills and knowledge. Most employees have direct contact with customers, so it is important that they have good people skills. cognisance training is provided for employees across British Gas by means of an online learning package.An new(prenominal) programme is improving staffs cultural awareness, particularly to support the suppuration international operations at British Gas. Page 4Workforce be afterward Workforce planning is the process of assessing a companys authoritative and future labour needs. The British Gas Academies must consider not just overall employee poesy but also the skills that will be required inwardly the business. Workforce planning also involves managing any training and recruitment process to ensure the organisation has the right staff in place.Managers at British Gas conduct a programme of fortune telling to predict how much the UK market for domestic gas technology services will grow. This helps the company square up how many additional engineers it will need in the future. British Gas makes detailed forecasts of its demand for engineering personnel for one year in approach path and makes more general estimates for a further dickens old age into the future. Factors needing workforce planning At British Gas, workforce requirements are driven by two different demands. First, there are announcement customers that have service agreements with the company.Second, there are customers who call for one-off assistance if they have a specific problem. quest for both these services has grown. In the last terce or four years, the need for engineers has expanded accordingly. This has meant that it has had to recruit more staff. There are several other factors that influence workforce planning for British Gas. technology skills need to be constantly updat ed. Health and condom issues are also critically important in the gas industry. Health and safety regulations are ever-changing all the time and EU regulations must also be considered.Apart from regular formal training to close skills gaps to ensure engineers stay up to date with technical matters, British Gas can refreshful engineers about technical changes via field radio or text messaging. Engineers can work all their careers in the field until they retire. Qualified engineers may spend up to 10 years gaining their skills, qualifications and experience. They have valued working skills that are needed to deal with equipment and customers. However, British Gas also needs suitable people for promotion to higher roles, such as management hypothesises.It needs managers to plan, organise and co-ordinate the teams of engineers. It therefore needs to sop up and recruit a wide range of people into the organisation. Page 5Recruitment As part of its workforce planning, British Gas imp lements a alteration and inclusion strategy using tailored action plans. This means it actively seeks new recruits from a wide range of backgrounds. The need to recruit a respective(a) engineering workforce is seen as critical by British Gas. It plans recruitment to ensure it has a socially inclusive workforce. This is important as it will enable British Gas to reflect the diversity of its customer base.For example, it is useful to have employees from different nationalities and backgrounds to communicate with customers that do not speak English as a first language. Recruiting more women engineers may help to curl female customers. British Gas has win a national award from the Council for Registered Gas Installers (CORGI) for its efforts to encourage and attract women into the engineering workforce and into plumbing and associated trades. To dispel the fabrication that only men can be good engineers, British Gas runs a Georgina and the Dragon private road for children.What Bri tish Gas recruitment programmeshave achievedis demo by various awards during 2009 * British Gaswon awards from the Local Employment Partnership in the easternmost Midlands. The awards for Unlocking Talentand theOutstanding LEP Achievement Awardrecognisethe companys recruitment work with the LEP and Jobcentre addition in the region. * British Gas has been named in the 2009sunshine Timess 20 Best openhanded Companies to Work For. * The British Gas Academy won an award from Women into Science and Engineering (WISE).The award Investor in WISE rewarded the efforts British Gas makesto promote science,engineering and constructionto girls and young women. Advertising British Gas tries to appeal to a varied and diverse audience when promoting its apprenticeships. To advertise opportunities widely, British Gas uses specialist flip out channels like Parliamentary Projects TV, which focuses on careers, and impatience TV, which is aimed at the black community. In print media, it uses wome ns magazines, publications targeted at ethnic minorities such as The Muslim Weekly as well as other careers directories for the same reason.Other channels include radio, newspapers,British Gas website(www. britishgasacademy. co. uk) and a DVD for schools. Recruiting gas engineers of the right level is important. Candidates for a British Gas apprenticeship must be at least 16 years old, and have a minimum of four GCSEs at grade C or above or equivalent (e. g. NVQs). However, they need more than academic qualifications, they must be able to show some skill for customer service, such as being able to listen to customers and understand their requirements. ApplicationBritish Gas uses an online application form. To help British Gas determine an applicants suitability, this includes a value-based questionnaire. This requires responses to a serial of statements about attitudes to work. There are 90 statements in all, and an applicants overall responses are rated green, chromatic or red. The colour reflects the attitudes the applicant has about work and people. This helps to show which roles a person is best conform to to. British Gas does not take applicants with red ratings further as they may not show a fit with the company requirements.However after an initial screening, green and amber applicants are invited to an discourse and mind centre for the final selection process. Here, candidates must show evidence of qualifications, ID and driving licence. Page 6Selection At the British Gas assessment centre the emphasis is very much upon core competencies and life skills. Life skills are personal skills that are likely to affect the customer experience when someone is working in the field. British Gas engineers needs to show courtesy and politeness, for example.These are personal qualities that have a direct impact upon customer perception. encumbrance competencies involve team working, interpersonal skills (such as traffic with people), motivation and respond ing to change. These are crucial skills that can affect the way an individual fits in and works within an organisation. Candidates attend the centre for a half-day assessment. This has three elements. The totality scores from the three-part assessment help British Gas to decide who forgathers a job offer. Candidates are notified of the offspring within 14 days. All candidates can receive feedback.For those candidates offered a job, British Gas provides the usual job benefits including a van from the outset and a competitive starting salary. The new recruits then go on to benefit from the comprehensive programme of training through its Academy. This ensures that they are given the best start in their new careers. It also builds employee motivation and commitment to the company. Recruiting and selecting staff is an expensive process. By following a big-chested selection programme in this way, British Gas is able to ensure it gets the right people with the right skills.It also mean s it maximises the benefit from its investment. Page 7Conclusion Recruitment and selection at British Gas is driven by the need to maintain the competitive position of the company within the energy market. Domestic gas customers demand the very highest standards of service. They can be assured that British Gas engineers have high-level skills and expertise through its careful condition of entry qualifications followed by top quality training. British Gas also assesses the personal attributes of staff through role play and questionnaires as these influence customers perceptions of the service and the company.Great care is taken in ascertain the organisations future staffing needs. This drives the recruitment and selection process to ensure British Gas is seen as offering dynamic and exciting career paths for people of all backgrounds. By developing and nurturing its people, British Gas ensures that new recruits have the right qualities to help the business to compete.