The Laws in the Reconstruction Era and the Civil Rights Movement

The Laws in the Reconstruction Era and the Civil Rights Movement The civil rights movement that started and grew through the years following the Brown v. Board of Education decision of 1954 and with the help of the Voting Rights Act of 1965 (Patterson, 2001) marked an important period that accomplished more than ending segregation in cities and unfair rights; it led to the transformation of American social, cultural, and political life. The civil rights movement did not only demonstrate that the rights of African Americans should not be ignored but also showed how a nation as a whole had the power to change itself. The way the civil rights unfolded, gave others a chance to reach equal opportunity in the future. When one thinks of the words â€Å"civil rights† one often thinks of Martin Luther King’s â€Å"I Have a Dream† speech before the nation’s capital. Many can recall television footage of peaceful marchers being abused by fire hoses and police dogs. These and other images can be seen as a struggle and intense burst of black activists that characterized the civil rights movement of the mid twentieth century. Yet African Americans have always struggled for their rights. Many consider the civil rights movement to have begun not in the 1950s but when Africans were first brought in chains, centuries earlier, to American shores (Gillon & Matson, 2001). In particular, those African Americans who fought their enslavement and demanded fundamental citizenship rights laid the foundation for the modern civil rights movement. The first slaves were brought to America in 1619 ( Gillon & Matson, 2001). Not until the Thirteenth Amendment abolished slavery following the Civil War did blacks gain their freedom (Gillon & Matson, 2001). But the newly freed blacks could not read or write and did not have money or property, and racism and inequality remain, especially in the South, where slavery had predominated for so long. To aid black assimilation into white society, federal and state governments implemented many democratic reforms between the years 1865 and 1875, the Reconstruction era (Gillon & Matson, 2001). The Fourteenth Amendment, for example, guaranteed blacks federally protected equal rights, and the Fifteenth Amendment granted black men the right to vote (Gillon & Matson, 2001). Despite these and other measures to help the former slaves’ rights, the effects of the Reconstruction era were short lived. In the area of extreme southern white society, many did whatever it took to keep blacks from enjoying any of the benefits of citizenship. Some, for example, sought to keep African Americans from equal rights through harassment or intimidation. A number of racist groups, such as the Ku Klux Klan (KKK), used even more cruel methods including lynching and other forms of violence to terrify African Americans seeking to exercise their rights or advance their social position. You can read also  Similarities and Conflicts in † a Streetcar Named Desire† As the constitutional guarantees of the Thirteenth, Fourteenth, and Fifteenth amendments continued to slowly disappear, the Supreme Court struck perhaps the most crippling blow to the black struggle for equality: In 1896 the Court ruled in Plessy v. Ferguson that blacks and whites could be legally separated as long as the facilities for each were â€Å"equal† (Chong, 1991). Facilities for blacks and whites were rarely equal. More importantly, the Supreme Court’s decision, by legally backing segregation, gave white society a powerful tool to keep blacks from enjoying the rights of citizenship. With the Supreme Court now reinforcing the South’s segregation practices, the environment of white racism gave birth to the Jim Crow Laws, southern customs and laws that kept parks, drinking fountains, streetcars, restaurants, theaters, and other public places segregated (Conklin, 2008). In response to Jim Crow, which by 1900 extended into all parts of public life, several leaders in the black community stepped up to debate political strategies to fight injustice and racial inequality. One of the dominant figures of this early movement for civil rights was an intellectual W. E. B. Du Bois, who encouraged African Americans to fight for the rights that they deserved. Du Bois’ crusade led, in part, to the formation of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP), a civil rights organization that brought together lawyers, educators, and activists to collectively fight for black civil rights (Powledge, 2001). Through protests, agitation, and legal action, the NAACP continued a steady campaign to end segregation in housing, education, and other areas of public life. With the outbreak of World War I, well over a quarter of a million black troops joined the military, but were relegated to segregated units (Romano, 2006). At the same time, many blacks traveled north to take advantage of the rapidly increasing defense industries. This massive migration, however, aggravated unemployment and other problems that already plagued the northern urban centers. Racial problems continued. When the United States entered World War II, African Americans were, as before, subjected to discrimination in the defense ndustries and in military units, despite their willingness to risk their lives in combat (Powledge, 2001). These wartime experiences, along with a growth in the African American population resulted in a surge of black protest that brought Jim Crow under national scrutiny. During the 1950s, two incidents brought the issue of civil rights squarely into the public spotlight. On May 17, 1954, the NAACP, which had been steadily chipping away at the legal foun dations of segregation, won an unprecedented legal victory: The Supreme Court unanimously ruled in Brown v. Board of Education that segregation in public schools was unconstitutional (Polsgrove, 2001). Chief Justice Earl Warren presented the Court’s decision, in which he describes why â€Å"separate but equal† in education represents a violation of African Americans’ rights: â€Å"Segregation of white and colored children in public schools has a detrimental effect upon the colored children. The impact is greater when it has the sanction of the law; for the policy of separating the races is usually interpreted as denoting the inferiority of the Negro group. A sense of inferiority affects the motivation of a child to learn. Segregation, with the sanction of law, therefore, has a tendency to inhibit the educational and mental development of Negro children and deprive them of some of the benefits they would receive in a racially integrated school system† (Patterson, 2001). By ruling against â€Å"separate but equal† doctrine set by the case Plessy v. Ferguson, the court had struck a blow to segregation. But still many southern racist practices were still being practiced, and many whites remained opposed to change. With the ruling of Brown, the affects remained slow, if not existing at all. Many school officials refused to comply with the ruling and the threat of harassment; for the ruling had unleashed fierce resistance preventing many black students from enrolling in all-white schools. At the same time, schools for black students remained overcrowded, dilapidated, and, in general, grossly inferior to those that their white counterparts enjoyed (Conklin, 2008). The second incident that captured the public eye unfolded in Montgomery, Alabama, when a woman named Rosa Parks started the spark that would provide the momentum for the entire civil rights movement. On December 1, 1955, the NAACP member boarded a public bus and took a seat in the â€Å"Negro† section in the back of the bus. Later, Parks refused to relinquish her seat to a white passenger, defying the law by which blacks were required to give up their seats to white passengers when the front section, reserved for whites, was filled (Polsgrove, 2001). Parks was immediately arrested. In protest, the black community launched a one-day local boycott of Montgomery’s public bus system. As support for Parks began, the NAACP and other leaders took advantage of the opportunity to draw attention to their cause. They enlisted the help of a relatively unknown preacher, Martin Luther King Jr. , to organize and lead a massive resistance movement that would challenge Montgomery’s racist laws (Kohl, 2005). Four days after Parks’ arrest, the citywide Montgomery bus boycott began (Kohl, 2005). It lasted for more than a year. Despite taunting and other forms of harassment from the white community, the boycotters persevered until the federal courts intervened and desegregated the buses on December 21, 1956 (Kohl, 2005). The Montgomery bus boycott was important because it demonstrated that the black community, through unity and determination, could make their voices heard and effect change. Picketing, boycotting, and other forms of resistance spread to communities throughout the South. Meanwhile, King emerged as the movement’s preeminent leader. His adherence to the nonviolent tactics used by the Indian nationalist Mohandas Gandhi would largely characterize the entire civil rights movement and inspire large scale participation by whites as well as blacks (Sunnemark, 2003). From 1955 to 1960, the efforts of blacks to bring attention to their cause met with some success. In 1957 Congress passed the Civil Rights Act, the first since Reconstruction, to establish a civil rights division in the Justice Department that would enforce voting and other rights (Davis, 2001). Meanwhile, the NAACP continued to challenge segregation, and out of that came numbers of new organizations that where formed. Among these, the Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC), a Christian-based organization founded in 1957 and led by King, became a major force in organizing the civil rights movement (Sunnemark, 2003). An organization called the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC) grabbed the media spotlight, and started many protests; when it backed four students who launched a sit-in campaign to desegregate southern lunch counters (Conklin, 2008). Not only was the nonviolent sit in technique used to desegregate other public places, but it gave large numbers of African American youths a way to participate in the movement. This helped gain national attention, bringing equal rights demands before the public eye. The protest movement continued to accelerate as different leaders tested new tactics and strategies. Many established community-based projects that sought to combat the barriers that kept blacks from voting. Others targeted the white terrorism that continued to intimidate blacks into submission. King and other leaders launched a massive campaign that brought together thousands of blacks in Birmingham, Alabama, one of the most segregated and violently racist cities at the time (Sunnemark, 2003). Early in the campaign, King was arrested and jailed. From his cell, he penned his famous â€Å"Letter from Birmingham Jail,† which earned him the support of many sympathetic whites (Conklin, 2008). Meanwhile, as blacks continued the desegregation campaign in Birmingham, an event occurred that irrevocably commanded the attention of America and its leaders: In an effort to stop a demonstration, the notoriously racist police Chief Eugene â€Å"Bull† Connor turned vicious attack dogs and fire hoses on the peaceful demonstrators (Sunnemark, 2003). The force of the water slammed women and children to the ground and sent others hurling through the air. Television coverage and other media reports of these brutal assaults shocked the nation and viewers around the world. After a month of this highly publicized violence, city officials repealed Birmingham’s segregation laws (Powledge, 2001). In Birmingham’s aftermath, mass demonstrations continued to spread, as did fierce resistance within the white community. In response to these events, King and other leaders planned a mass gathering on the nation’s capital in the summer of 1963 (Sunnemark, 2003). On August 28, the March on Washington brought an estimated quarter of a million people, black and white, in front of the Lincoln Memorial, where King delivered his now famous â€Å"I Have a Dream† speech (Romano, 2006). This triggered the SNCC to start a wide-scale campaign to bolster voting rights. The group launched a massive voter registration drive throughout the South, concentrating on Mississippi, where less than 5 percent of the state’s eligible blacks were registered to vote (Conklin, 2008). Freedom Summer, as it became known, was marked by episodes of extreme white terrorism. One of the most heinous examples involved three young civil rights workers. The trio was working to register voters when they were arrested and later murdered by the Ku Klux Klan (Patterson, 2001). By 1965 the voting campaign had shifted to Selma, Alabama, where, under the leadership of King, thousands of demonstrators began a fifty-mile trek to Montgomery (Sunnemark, 2003). This time, as the peaceful demonstrators approached the Edmund Pettis Bridge, state troopers used police whips and clubs to halt their progress. The scene blasted into American living rooms via the nightly news. After â€Å"Bloody Sunday,† thousands of people gathered again to complete the march, this time under the protection of the Alabama National Guard (Powledge, 2001). On August 6, 1965, shortly after the highly publicized events in Selma, President Johnson signed into law the Voting Rights Act, which, for the first time since Reconstruction, effectively opened up the polls to southern black Americans (Davis, 2001). By the mid-1960s, many black activists started to lose faith in the civil rights reforms that thus far had targeted only the most blatant forms of discrimination (Chong, 1991). While King’s nonviolent direct action approach had dominated the movement, many people particularly in the North, adopted a more revolutionary stance. As a wave of nationalist sentiment grew within the movement, organizations such as SNCC and CORE took up more militant agendas. SNCC, for example, began promoting a program of â€Å"black power† a term that meant racial pride (Conklin, 2008). The greatest spokesman for Black Nationalism was Malcolm X. With his working-class roots and charismatic style of speaking, Malcolm appealed to a lot of young urban blacks. Malcolm rejected Dr. King’s advocacy of nonviolence and instead urged his followers to secure their rights â€Å"by any means necessary† (Sunnemark, 2003). After Malcolm’s assassination in February 1965, another extremely provocative Black Nationalist group emerged: the Black Panthers, a group that boldly adopted the idea â€Å"by any means necessary† (Sunnemark, 2003). Race riots exploded across America, as blacks trapped in urban slums lashed out against the poverty and racism still rampant in their communities. Not only did the riots devastate ghetto areas that were home to millions of African Americans, including those in the Watts section of Los Angeles, but the racial violence started a separation between those who continued to believe that civil rights could be achieved through peaceful means and those who were more violent . King’s assassination in April 1968 struck a blow to the already fractured civil rights movement. Marin Luther King Jr. became the face of national equality not just for African American but to all those who sought justice and freedom. The American civil rights movement nevertheless left a permanent mark on American society. Most of the forms of racial discrimination came to an end, and racial violence decrease. Today, African Americans can freely exercise their right to vote, and in communities where they were once banned from the polls. Millions of African Americans have been lifted out of poverty as a result of the many economic opportunities created by the civil rights movement. Also important, the civil rights movement served as a model for the advancement of other minority groups, including women, the disabled, Hispanics, and many others. The civil rights movement has left a legacy in which generations after it can learn by reading it and not through experiencing it.

Development of Egyptian Pyramids from Sumerian Ziggurats Essay

The Egyptian pyramid structures represent a great range of civilization techniques that have been used in various other parts such as in Rome and Greece. This is despite the fact that the eventual architectural construction of pyramids in Egypt took place in slow transitional steps during the 3rd transition to a unique Egyptian character and permanency in the 4th dynasty although the â€Å"idea was brought to Egypt by the Mesopotamians† (Isler 90). The original idea came from the structures of the Ziggurats that are of various sizes and whose bases range from 20 meters on the side and 90 meters on a side. They are usually very high temples built on a platform of adobe brick with a series of platforms that create a stepped pyramid. They are therefore of major importance as they are mainly used for city planning and are dedicated to the god or goddess of the city’s patron. This is a major form of civilization which was introduced in Mesopotamia through the epic journey of Gilgamesh in 2700 B. C who later built the city of Uruk (Hooker par. 3-6). His account which was inscribed in some of the oldest and earliest tablets existed before those provided on the pyramid texts. Since the structure of ziggurats does not have a specific definition, the staged towers which possess consciously constructed stages are generally referred to as ziggurats. They are mainly found in the area of Mesopotamia. The siak ziggurat dates back to 5500 B. C although it is not yet clear what was anciently used to classify structures as ziggurats. Most temples on accumulated ruins were the original staged towers even though the stages which were made of accumulated ruins were not constructed for the tower. Hence the structures are only referred to as ziggurats when the stages are constructed and modeled after the piled up ruins. Some of their functions arise since they were built as a representation of mountain to offer protection for the temple against floods, and religiously they appear in the form of unity since they form a place where the gods dwell. There are a number of evidences that the Egyptian pyramids borrowed their building techniques from the Sumerian ziggurats. For instance, the ziggurats â€Å"and typically the elamite ziggurat exhibit a striking resemblance â€Å"(Isler, 32) and are similar in shape to the early Egyptian pyramids most especially the step pyramid of Djoser at Saqqara except that they do not â€Å"possess a sanctuary at its apex and had a system of internal tunnels and chambers† (World Mysteries par. 3) . In addition, they date some years later than the earliest ziggurats as the great pyramid dates back to around 2500 B. C. The architectural forms of the pyramid began as a simple mastaba which was built in several stages. This step pyramid is a product of the â€Å"Egyptian third dynasty which was simultaneous with the early dynastic period in Mesopotamia† (Walton par. 1-5). However, they are built by use of mud bricks, a technique developed in Palastine in the Neolithic period and not in Mesopotamia. The civilization in Egypt which is accompanied by the technique of building pyramid tombs is a sign of concern about death and the search for immortality. This is because they were worried about the nature of death and the hope for survival after death, a factor realised by Gilgamesh when he discovers â€Å"the fateful truth that death awaits every person† (Smart 201-203). Works Cited Hooker, R. Gilgamesh. 6 June 1999. 24 August 2010 . Isler, M. â€Å"Sticks, stones, and shadows: building the Egyptian pyramids. † USA, Oklahoma: University of Oklahoma Press, 2001. 32-90. John H. Walton. Is there archaeological evidence of the Tower of Babel? 2001. 24 August 2010 . par. 1-5 Smart, N. â€Å"The World’s Religions, 2nd Ed. † USA: Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1998. 201-203. World Mysteries. The Age of the Great Pyramid. 2009. 24 August 2010 .

Conductimetric Titration and Gravimetric Determination of a Precipitate Essay

Abstract: This experiment demonstrated that by titrating barium hydroxide, Ba(OH)2 solution with a sulfuric acid, .1 M H2SO4 solution the point of equivalence can be obtained. Since they were ionic compounds, then the lowest conductivity reading was the point of equivalence because at that reading they were both at a non-ionic state since all their ions have been completely reacted. A first when the H2SO4 was added the conductivity was high, 17.8 umho, then as more H2SO4 was added it went to its lowest, 5.3 umho. The subsequent adding of more H2SO4 caused the conductivity to go again to a new peak, 10.3 umho, this was followed by another decrease in conductivity to 8.9 umho, from then on, as more H2SO4 was added the conductivity increased continuously until the end of the experiment. The tabulated resulted graph and the graph displayed on the pH sensor were quite different, wherein by tabulation the lowest was 5.3 umho, while the pH sensor graph had its lowest way below 5.3 umho. The refore, there was an error; it could be that the solution was not properly mixed during titration. There was only enough time for one trial. From calculation, the molarity of the Ba(OH)2 between 0.45-0.54 molarity when the conductivity was between 8.9 umho and 9.3 umho respectively. The molarity of the Ba(OH)2 should be the same as the H2SO4 which was .1 M. Introduction: The experiment was to demonstrate how to find the concentration of Ba(OH)2 needed to react with .1 M H2SO4; thus conductimetric titration was used. The theory is that during titration as the solutions react the ions in both solutions cause the conductance of electricity. When the reaction stops, meaning that all the ions have been removed from the reactants then the conduction would be at the lowest point. That is the point of equivalence wherein the ratios of both solutions are the same. In this case both would be 0.1 molar. From then on, any more addition of the .1 M H2SO4 would cause an increase of conductance because of the added ions. Result: There was only enough time for one trial. The graph below shows the theoretical result which was different from the displayed result. Sample calculation: 4 x 106 /8.9 = .45 x 106 M Ba(OH)2. Materials: Labpro or CBL 2 interface Conductivity probe Ring stand 250mL beaker Magnetic stirrer Stinning bar Filter paper- fine drade Filter funnel 10 mL pipet Pipet bulb and pump Ba(OH)2 solution .1 M H2SO4 distilled water 50mL buret Buret clamp 50 mL graduated cylinder Utility clamp Discussion: Earlier in the experiment as the 0.1 M H2SO4 was being added the displayed graph showed a faulty result because the ionization data was collected too early before all the ions had been removed, thus there was a misleading result that the point of equivalent was reached. Later as more of the acid was added the true point of equivalence was found, which was 8.9 umho. If there was enough time then the experiment could be redone; in a more timely fashion. Could it be that the experiment was prearranged to give a faulty result just for a learning experience? Conclusion: Conductivty titration is another method that can be used to find the concentration of an unknown solution, albeit that the experimenter must be patient so that the ionization results can be had at the equimolar concentration of both solutions. The error was evident because the acid was 0.1 M H2SO4, thus according to the readings, with 1 mL of 0.1 M H2SO4 and at 5.3 umho, that should have been the point of equivalence, meaning that at 1 mL of 0.1 M H2SO4 both substances would be equimolar, but that was not the case. Equimolarity was achieved at 4 mL of 0.1 M H2SO4 with the conductivity is 8.9 umho as displayed on the pH sensor graph.

Communication Principles, Techniques and Strategies used in Health and Term Paper

Communication Principles, Techniques and Strategies used in Health and Social Care Settings - Term Paper Example In the worst case scenario, miscommunication could result in the death of the patient. In the case of Anne, who suffered from a stroke, delayed communication in the period between the moment when she first felt unusual symptoms and when she reached the hospital caused her to suffer a stroke. If her husband Paul had been successful in reaching an ambulance or other medical firm and enabled her to reach the hospital in time, this could have been averted. However, Paul, Anne’s husband, was unsuccessful in reaching the ambulance. In addition, when she finally reached a hospital, Anne was left unattended for approximately four hours. During this interlude, her face sagged on one side and she lost control of her bodily functions. It does seem that the attitude of the medical professionals concerned was shockingly callous. However, it is more likely that they simply were unequipped with the right coping skills for dealing with the extreme stress that is often encountered in the medical field. The medical emergency number dialed by Paul may have been disconnected. However, it is more likely that the line was busy and there were many people trying to use it at the same time. On his arrival at the first hospital, Paul and Anne may have walked in at a time when all medical professionals were busy attending to serious cases; thus the lack of attention for the first four hours. In addition, the doctors were probably strained after a hard day’s work. This is not a suggestion that their attitude was excusable; however, it is important to point out that medical practitioners deal with extreme stress on a regular basis.  

Final Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 6

Final - Essay Example This report will examine how the ministry collected information, the major events that occurred in the ministry, the plans that the ministry has to improve its performance, the challenges that the ministry faced, and recommendations as to how these challenges can be mitigated. The goal of my ministry is to spread useful information to every part of our empire within the shortest time possible. As the minister I aim to facilitate the smooth running of this ministry. I will unite my team and motivate them to work towards achieving this goal. I believe information is vital to the economic growth of our empire. The ministry was involved in collecting information in various fields. I led my team to collect information and analyze it. The collected information, after analysis, was sent to the concerned Parties for necessary action to be expedited. We, as a ministry, ensured that all the necessary information including the texts were handwritten and published in the sense of being made public and distributed in relative numbers. We saw that it was essential for your Excellency to be acquainted with the fact that it is our gratification that all limitations which were formerly advanced in official pronouncements regarding the Christians should be known by all, and this was our mandate as a ministry (Rosenwein 313). We worked hand in hand with other stakeholders including other ministries like the ministry of finance, the ministry of security, and the ministry of the police to collect intelligence information from all over the empire. Our spying team collected information from those people who were spreading propaganda against the leadership in our empire, and those who were spreading negative rumors were punished according to the laws of the land, your Excellency. I ensured that all your speeches were well written and published. All your directives were forwarded by my team to the various departments for necessary actions by various bodies. The

Management Research Project Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Management Research Project - Assignment Example The latter finally leads to work life balance problems. Individuals and organizations should identify the stressors in workplace and design amicable solutions to combat the issue. If there is an early address on potential stressors, individuals and organizations can alleviate the negative effects associated with stress. To handle the menace well, employees need to identify signs and possible stressors (Adair, 2009). On the other hand, managers need awareness on the effects of stress to employees and general performance of the company in terms of output. It is necessary as an individual to learn how to keep away from stress, as it is also necessary for employers. Tesco is well-structured company with a large number of workforces and offers a suitable platform of the research. Tesco is company with UK origin that began in 1919 started by Jack Cohen a market stallholder selling groceries in London. After merging with T.E Stockwell, Tesco first opened the store in 1929. Since then, the company has expanded extensively across the world and has over 2,200 stores including Tesco Express and hypermarkets to meet customers’ requirements. Tesco is one of the largest British retailers and in the world list; it is one of the leading retail outlets. Tesco has a workforce of over 468,000 that offer the platform for this research. In a move to support its growth attributed to its staffs, the company ensures the staffs are in a sober condition. The company achieves their goal through motivation, training, and ensuring the staffs have the spirit of meeting customers’ needs. It motivates the employees through increasing their skills, knowledge, and job satisfaction through training and development programs (Kinder et al., 2008). Stress in the workplace can be damaging to organizational goals if not well-handled and addressed. Thus, for managers, it is

Government regulations in business Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Government regulations in business - Essay Example This paper illustrates that the government has the mandate to overlook all business activities, and also have the power to control certain businesses. The government has the responsibility to impose various regulations to ascertain that the customers are not exploited, and there is a fair competition among the firms in any given industry. Government regulations in marketing are crucial towards customer protection as well as maintain fairness in competition. The number of government regulations in marketing is sufficient to ensure that there is a reasonable business environment. The government imposes laws on marketing regarding product safety and warranties. Such laws ensure that the advertisers are limited to advertising only true information. Warranties ensure that the manufacturer produces high-quality goods. The limits obtruded on freedom of speech are beneficial to controlling what one organization says about the other and hence fairness is maintained in the market. Government r egulations on validation of advertising claims ensure that the customers are only fed with true information. Therefore, it is evident that government regulation on marketing activities plays three main roles. It ensures that producers of the advertised good or service produce goods of similar quality to what they claim while advertising. It regulates the relationship between competitors. They ensure that the customers receive the best services or goods and are not misguided by the advertisement.

Qatar Electricity and Water Company Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Qatar Electricity and Water Company - Essay Example Almost half (43%) of these shares are owned by the Qatar government itself and the rest (57%) by the private individuals (Water report for Qatar). This renowned company has many credits and achievements to its name. It runs power plants and desalination station to meet the consumption needs of the country. It has also signed up an agreement with the Qatar General Electricity and water corporation and sells its products to them as well. Given below is a statistical chart (Welcome to Qatar Electricity & Water Co) that shows the requirements of the Qatar electricity and Water Company for the graduates and trainees. As per the chart, the company opens its offers for the mechanical, electrical, chemical and instrumentation engineering branches and also has opportunities for semi technical and non technical employees. People from these backgrounds are trained in their respective fields as per the company's requirement. These trained people are finally recruited in technical fields of need. It also has some staff in the field of management, accounting and administration as well. This selection is done based on the requirement of the company for then and near future in mind. Qatari Graduates Work and Training Opportunities in the Company   qualifications field of work Grade Specialization university, graduates & diploma Technical bachelor degree or diploma in engineering mechanical electrical instrumentation chemical semi-technical bachelor in science computer - physics - chemistry – math non-technical bachelor of commerce / arts administration- accounting - management administration high school graduates technical-non technical high school science - non science The company has its own training programs and does concentrate on the program very well. The training program takes the employees through Qatar petroleum. A separate team is appointed to supervise the training program as this is considered to be an important phase in the employee assessment and evaluat ion. This generally involves graduates from Qatar and abroad as well. These graduates are trained to fill various technical supervisory jobs. The company also deals with other international companies that manufacture the sophisticated equipment that the Qatar electricity and water company uses and trains its employees in using this equipment. However there are certain requirements to be fulfilled by the graduates with tests and personal interviews as well. The company has been keeping itself abreast of the other companies, by adopting latest technologies and making sure it has its share in the international market. Qatar electricity and Water Company has also made sure that it stands in the international market by making sure the employees cope with the international standards and hence it lets the employees to go through English language tests asses their speaking skills to ensure they would be able communicate anywhere within and outside the country. Hence English has also been an other criterion in the selection of the candidates The company stands second to none when it comes to compensations of the employees. Qatar electricity and Water Company ensures the best compensation in the class. It rewards the employees with many benefits and huge salaries. It also has retirement system, making sure the employees lead a decent life even after their retirement. Apart from these it also offers its

E Human Resource Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

E Human Resource - Essay Example E Human Resource is referred to the management, regulation and use of electronic processes and information relating to human resource and the employment laws. It is an extremely broad term and has been continuously evolving in its field. With the emerging trends like globalization, customer orientation, and specialization, companies have been especially emphasising on recruitments, evolution and sustainment of qualified employees. Companies have gained extensive awareness about the fact that human resources have been gradually transforming from being a cost factor to a success factor. They have also realized that a shrinking population and a shrinking workforce would be the most crucial crisis in the years to come. Many of the activities of the human resource departments can be delegated to the employees using the modern system f information and technology. Electronic Human Resource Management (e-HRM) is a tool which is web based and which helps in automating and supporting the human resource processes. Implementing e-HRM would provide the opportunity to delegate the process of data entry to employees themselves. Moreover it facilitates the use of human resource marketplaces (e-Recruitment) and allows greater amount of self service to employees (Biesalski, n.d., p.1). It is the outcome of the combination of various technologies. Firstly the growing importance of the knowledge factor in organizations has been the driving force behind the evolution of IT. Information systems like e-HRM that provides information allows companies to gain comprehensive and consistent concept for knowledge management. It is important to explain the concept of knowledge management in this regard. Knowledge management is considered to be a collection of various techniques. Using this large variety of techniques, organizations are able to acquire knowledge, organize the knowledge and finally make the knowledge transparent. Intelligent data analysis and e-HRM combined helps to disburden the employees of the human resource

Responsible business Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Responsible business - Essay Example The concept of ethical business will be explained using a real-life example from a business that shows the perfect application of ethical business practices. This will help in developing the theme of how organizations create and implement ethical practices in the workplace. Additionally, the effect of ethical behaviour affects the behaviour of organizations and the society in general. This will be followed by an analysis of the role of the government in approaching responsible business. Responsible Business From definition, a responsible business performs actions that are strategic, comprehensive and connect with all the players in the industry. This model describes a way of acting on decisions and problems in a systematic and connected way. This approach also enlightens the leaders of the organization, including the board of directors, the team that deals with the customers, the government and non-for profits organizations (Pohl & Tolhurst, 2010). According to the tenets of responsi ble business, apart from making profits, an organization should also encourage practices that reflect ethical, social and environmental goals. This can be done by the employing business practices considered responsible by the society. For example, the provision of safe and healthy working environments for employees, being an equal opportunity employer, avoiding inequality and injustice in the organization, and avoiding bullying, harassment or discrimination in the workplace (Sanford, 2011). This can be done by setting organizational policies and cultures that reflect the factors mentioned above and ensuring that the employees and management follow these policies. Additionally, societal and environmental concerns are applied when the policies that guide the organization are made, which is mainly done to influence other stakeholders in a business. Reducing risks faced in the working environment also makes up part of the responsible business model, for example, by reducing the environm ental and health risks faced by employees in the organization. Additionally, the organization should also work to ensure that risks that its operations pose to the society and community are reduced through the use of responsible work technologies and procedures (Smith, 2010). The term responsible business covers a wide range of factors, and some of the concepts that it encompasses are CSR, ethics, business sustainability and social considerations. The application of these factors ensures that a business’s operations are considered responsible. Responsible businesses adhere to these practices in order to ensure that it continues with profitable ventures in the community and follows the ethical codes dictated by the society. Another concept that is similar to responsible business is corporate social responsibility (CSR), which refers to the analysis of an organization’s duties and how its actions degrades or uplifts the community in which it operates (Kotler & Lee, 2011) . Another factor that relates to responsible business is ethical business. A distinction between a sustainable and ethical business is that a business that places emphasis on a specific code of conduct is referred to as an ethical business, while a sustainable business is one that is able to continue operations through sustainable trading. Ethical Business Ethics is one of the issues make up an individual’s personality, makes the basis for behaviour, morals and

letter writing Essay Example for Free

letter writing Essay The article is about the use of letter writing within the therapeutic context of counseling among the adolescents. According to the article, note writing and passing is common among adolescents because it function as an outlet to test their new ideas and behaviors while receiving their peer’s feedback. It also provides a place for them to implement their emerging self concept and connect with their peers as they connect with their peers as they develop their autonomy.   Article also discussed the advantage of letter writing compared to a conversation. Obviously, a spoken word may fade over time but written words are more permanent. The author also mentioned the uses of letter in counseling such as correspondence between counselor and client, elaboration of important elements of discussions that occurred during the sessions, client empowerment through altered personal narratives, and identification of client strengths. Meanwhile, the author also explained the theoretical basis for the use of letter writing. One of the theory that the author links to letter writing is the Morita Therapy. France, Cadieax, and Allen (1995) conceptualize letter writing as an opportunity for counseling to take place without disruption of the individuals everyday life through traditionally scheduled counseling sessions. The other on is the narrative therapy which allow both the counselor and adolescent client to benefit from letter-writing techniques. On the other hand, the most important part of the article is the guidelines for using letter writing intervention among adolescents. First, look for exceptions to the problem and unique outcomes. Then, assume that the adolescent has strengths and resources. Lastly, problems should be externalized through the use of language. Finally, the author discussed about the types of therapeutics letter before she reached the conclusion.   These are letters between counselors and clients, letters from counselors to clients, letters from clients to themselves. Victoria E White, Melissa A Murray. Journal of Mental Health Counseling. Alexandria:Apr 2002. Vol. 24, Iss. 2, p. 166-176 (11 pp.)

Ethical behavior Essay Example for Free

Ethical behavior Essay One of the primary rules of conduct in the medical profession is â€Å"First, do no harm,† and it is upon this directive that most matters of ethics in medicine can be grounded. Ethical behavior rests on this principle. It is the norm and is what is expected from all doctors and nurses. For instance, providing a patient with all relevant information to enable him to make an informed decision on whether to undergo surgery or not is considered ethical and proper. Most unethical behavior, on the other hand, stems from a desire for profit, although the actual participants (nurses, in particular) in an unethical act may only be taking part to preserve their job. A blatant (although unlikely) example of unethical behavior in a doctor would be the performance of surgery while under the influence of alcohol or another substance that adversely affects mental functions. Another is the recommendation and performance of unnecessary surgery (where simpler treatments would have sufficed) for extra profit. For many doctors and nurses, committing ethical or unethical acts is partly a matter of conforming to their organization’s rules. Ethical dilemmas relate directly to the organizational effectiveness of the system of doctors and nurses who work together—participation in ethical and unethical acts has a direct bearing on the efficiency of this system. In the case of routine circumcision, for example, a doctor may choose to continue encouraging new parents to get their babies circumcised because it would mean extra profit, in spite of the misgivings of his fellow doctors. However, it is not only the â€Å"cooperative† aspect of ethical and unethical behavior that is significant. Even if all members of an organization agree to cooperate in unethical behavior, an awareness of the â€Å"unethicality† of their actions can leave a seriously negative impression on the organization’s members, which could adversely affect their performance and thus render the organization much less than optimally efficient. It would therefore be towards the benefit of an organization to abide by practices that are generally considered ethical.

History of the Ancient Olympics

History of the Ancient Olympics The Origins and History of the Ancient Olympics Introduction The first ancient Olympic Games can be traced back to 776 B.C and were celebrated until 393 A.D (Young, 1987). The Games continued for twelve centuries and were dedicated to Olympian gods. Olympia became the site of these historic ancient games that sowed the seeds for the most coveted sporting international event of modern times, the Modern Olympics. The site of the Ancient Olympics is located in the western part of Peloponnese. According to Greek mythology, Peloponnese is the island of Pelops, the Founder of the Olympic Games (Young, 1987). Olympia, in Greece is the sanctuary site for the ancient Greek gods. The central part of Olympia was dominated by the majestic temple of Zeus. The ancient games enjoyed a secular tradition and aimed at securing good relations between the cities of Greece and showing physical qualities and evolution of the performances accomplished by the youth. The Olympic Games were held in four years intervals at the ancient stadium in Olympia that could accommodate more than 40,000 spectators. The surrounding areas around the ancient Olympic stadium were continuously developed until the 4th century BC and were used as training grounds for athletes or to serve as homes for the Olympic judges (Young, 1987). The Ancient Olympics allowed only free men who spoke Greek to participate in the Games. The ancient games had a slight international spirit as they included participants from other parts of Greece. The Greeks that came to the Sanctuary of Zeus at Olympia shared the same religious beliefs and spoke the same language. The athletes were all male citizens of the city-states from every corner of the Greek world, coming from as far away as Iberia (Spain) in the west and the Black Sea (Turkey) in the east (Reeser, 2005) In the ancient Olympics, married women were not allowed to participate in any way. However unmarried women could only spectate. The ancient Olympic Games though did not allow female participants; an exception was made at the Herean Games, staged every four years to honour Hera, wife of Zeus, allowing female athletes to participate in the games. Kyniska, daughter of King Archidamos of Sparta, was the first woman to be listed as an Olympic victor in Antiquity. The events were judged by the Herald, a Hellanodikis (Greek Judge). The Olympic victors in ancient times received their awards immediately after the competition. The Herald, after announcing the name of the victor, placed a palm branch in his hands. Red ribbons were tied on his head and hands to symbolize his victory. The official award ceremony that took place on the last day of the Games was a proud day for the victor. From the elevated vestibule of the temple of Zeus, the Herald announced the name of the winner, his fathers na me and the name of his homeland. The winner was finally honoured with the Herald placing the sacred olive tree wreath or kotinos on the winners head (Reeser, 2005). The Olympic Games, originally created to honour Zeus, was the most important national festival of the ancient Greeks, and a focus of political rivalries between the nation-states. However, all competitions involved individual competitors rather than teams. Winning an Olympic contest was regarded more highly than winning a battle and was proof of an individual athletes personal excellence. The winners were presented with garlands, crowned with olive wreaths, and viewed as national heroes (Young, 1987). Although records of the Olympics date back to 776 BC when the Olympics were reorganized and the official First Olympiad was held, Homers Iliad suggests that they existed as early as the 12th century BC. Emperor Theodosius I of Rome discontinued them in the 4th century AD, and they did not occur again until they were reinstated in Athens in 1896 (Young, 1987). Originally, the Olympics was confined to running, but by the 15th Olympiad, additional sports were added, such as the pentathlon which was made up of five different events, boxing, wrestling, chariot racing, as well as a variety of foot races of varying lengths, including a long-distance race of approximately 2.5 miles. Athletes usually competed without clothes proudly displaying their perfect bodies. Women, foreigners, slaves, and dishonoured persons were forbidden to compete; women, once they were married, were not allowed to spectate any Olympic events, except for chariot races (Reeser, 2005). The actual events taking place have changed significantly since the Ancient Olympics. Evidence shown in pictures, dating from circa 490-480 BC, depicts two men wrestling. Above them hang a discus in its bag and a pair of jumping weights called halteres. Long jumpers used the weights to increase their competition distances by vigorously swinging them forward at the moment of takeoff. The coach or trainer stands to the left of the wrestlers, leaning on his staff and holding a long forked branch. (Rhizopoulou, 2004). The ancient Olympic Games began in the year 776 BC, when Koroibos, a cook from the nearby city of Elis, won the stadium race, a foot race 600 feet long. According to (Wei, 1996), this was the only athletic event of the games for the first 13 Olympic festivals or until 724 BC. From 776 BC, the Games were held in Olympia every four years for almost 12 centuries (Young, 1987). The marathon was not an event of the ancient Olympic Games. The marathon is a modern event that was first introduced in the Modern Olympic Games of 1896 in Athens, a race from the northeast of Athens to the Olympic Stadium and the athlete had to complete over a distance of 40 kilometres. The race commemorates the run of Pheidippides, an ancient day-runner who carried the news of the Persian landing at Marathon of 490 B.C. to Sparta (a distance of 149 miles) in order to enlist help for the battle. According to (finely, 1976) during the fifth century B.C. Ancient Greek historian Herodotus, Pheidippides delivered the news to the Spartans the next day. The distance of the modern marathon was standardized as 26 miles 385 yards or 42.195 km. in 1908 when the Olympic Games were held in London. The distance was the exact measurement between Windsor Castle, the start of the race, and the finish line inside White City Stadium (Wei, 1996). Although the ancient Games were staged in Olympia, Greece, from 776 BC through 393 AD, it took 1503 years for the Olympics to return. The first modern Olympics were held in Athens, Greece, in 1896. The man responsible for its rebirth was a Frenchman named Baron Pierre de Coubertin, who presented the idea in 1894. His original thought was to unveil the modern Games in 1900 in his native Paris, but delegates from 34 countries were so enthralled with the concept that they convinced him to move the Games up to 1896 and have Athens serve as the first host (Wei, 1996). The idea of the Olympic torch or Olympic Flame was first inaugurated in the 1928 Olympic Games in Amsterdam. There was no torch relay in the ancient Olympic Games. There were known, however, torch relays in other ancient Greek athletic festivals including those held at Athens. The modern Olympic torch relay was first took place at the 1936 Olympic Games in Berlin. The Modern Olympic flag of five linked rings, each with a primary colour used in the flags of the nations competing in the games, was introduced in 1908. There is no ancient basis for this modern symbol (Rhizopoulou, 2004). THE POLITICS OF THE OLYMPIC GAMES The celebration of the Olympic Games in antiquity was an occasion for citizens of scattered Greek city-states to assemble. At the Games they discussed important political issues, celebrated common military victories and even formed political and military alliances. But the Games were not only a forum in which to discuss political events; they were also the cause of political conflict. Control of the Sanctuary and the Games brought with it prestige, economic advantages and, most importantly, political influence. As early as the 7th century BC we hear of disputes over the control of the Sanctuary of Zeus at Olympia between the city of Elis (30 miles to the north) and the small neighbouring town of Pisa (Wei, 1996). In 668 BC, according to Pausanias (a 2nd century AD Greek traveller), the powerful tyrant of Argos (named Pheidon) was asked by the town of Pisa to capture the Sanctuary of Zeus from the city-state of Elis. Pheidon, with his army of well-trained hoplites (armed soldiers), marched across the Peloponnesos, secured the Sanctuary for the town of Pisa, and personally presided over the conduct of the games. But Pisas control of the Sanctuary was brief: by the next year Elis had regained control (Fineley, 1976). The Olympic Truce was instituted by the city-state of Elis to protect against military incursions which interrupted the Games. Every four years, special heralds from Elis were sent out to all corners of the Greek world to announce the approaching Olympic festival and games. Along with this news, they would announce the Olympic Truce, which protected athletes, visitors, spectators and official embassies who came to the festival from becoming involved in local conflicts. Later, political tyrants of the 7th and 6th centuries BC attempted to achieve influence by more peaceful means. They participated in the athletic and equestrian contests of the Olympic Games and dedicated conspicuously lavish offerings to Olympian Zeus at the site of the games (Finley, 1976). Nowadays there is a strong connection between salesmanship and sports and some would even say that the line between sales pitching and fast pitches has become completely blurred. At Olympic competitions, athletes uniforms and equipment bear the discreet but readily identifiable trademarks of their manufacturers. After the Games, we are presented with images of Olympians endorsing products and appearing on cereal boxes. Later, some Olympic celebrities become commodities themselves, as TV shows and record labels cash in on their fame (Wei, 1996). Even in the Ancient Olympics, the victorious athletes were still celebrated and became famous for their outstanding abilities and achievements. Sculptors were commissioned to create statues of victorious athletes to be set up in the Sanctuary or in the home town of the athlete. According to Pliny, most of the statues set up in the Sanctuary of Zeus at Olympia were idealistic images of athletes. We are told that only if an athlete had won three Olympic victories could a realistic likeness of the athlete appear in the Sanctuary. In the Ancient Olympics, if an athlete was found guilty of cheating or bribing officials, they would be subjected to some form of public humiliation. For example if athletes were found guilty of cheating the they were made to created statues of the eventual champions which were placed in stadium so that people could celebrate them (Rhizopoulou , 2004). THE MODERN OLYMPICS Todays Modern Olympic Games have 32 different categories of competitive events. When you consider that of these many, like track and field, have several events within the category and then break down further to mens and womens and team and individual competition, it is nearly impossible to keep track of the Games as they progress. Things were much simpler in the past. The Ancient Olympics had 13 events which were divided into 6 main categories and only men were allowed to participate in the events (Vassill, 2004). The main categories were boxing, equestrian events, pentathlon, running and jumping. The Equestrian events were broken down into two sub-categories: chariot racing and riding. The Pentathlon was a combination of five events: discus, javelin, jump, running, and wrestling (Crowther, 1996). Boxing in ancient Greece had fewer rules than boxing today. There were no rounds and boxers fought until one of them was knocked out, or admitted he had been beaten. There was no rule that prevented a boxer from hitting an opponent when he was down. There was no weight class in either the mens or boys divisions and the contestants were chosen randomly. The boxers did not wear gloves but wrapped their hands and wrists with leather straps called himantes.and this meant that their fingers were left free (Vassill, 2004). Equestrian events were divided into classes of chariot racing and riding. The chariot races consisted of both the 2-horse chariot and the 4-horse chariot and there were separate races for chariots drawn by foals. There was a race of carts included in this event that consisted of competition between carts drawn by teams of 2 mules. The length of the chariot races was 12 laps around the stadium track which was approximately 9 miles (Vassill, 2004). Riding was the other equestrian event and the course was 6 laps around the stadium track which equaled 4.5 miles. The jockeys rode without stirrups and the races were broken down into competition between foals and full-grown horses. Because it was so expensive to train, feed and equip the participants the owners were awarded the olive wreath of victory instead of the riders (Wei, 1996). The most physical event of the Ancient Olympic Games was the pankration. This grueling event consisted of both boxing and wrestling. The hands were not wrapped in the leather himantes. The only limitations on physical brutality were the rules against biting and gouging the opponents eyes, nose, or mouth with fingernails. Kicking in any part of the body was allowed. There were separate divisions for men and boys, but like in boxing there was no weight division and the opponents were chosen at random (Vassill, 2004). The pentathlon, like the modern event, consisted of a 5-event combination. The 5 events of the Ancient Olympic Games were discus, javelin, jumping, running and wrestling. The Greeks considered this the most beautiful of the contests as it combined the endurance of the race course and the bodily strength necessary for the other physical events. The discus was made out of either of iron, stone, bronze, or leads and was shaped to resemble the discus of today. The sizes varied and the boys competed with a lighter weight than the men. The ancient Greeks thought the precision and rhythm of an athlete throwing the discus as important as his strength (Wei, 1996). The javelin was a throwing event as in the modern games and like the discus the competition was based on the distance the object was thrown and in the case of the javelin the precision. The javelin was made of wood, with either a sharpened end or an attached metal point. The javelin had a thong for the throwersfingers that was attached close to the center of gravity of the instrument that increased the precision and distance of the throw (Wei, 1996). The jump event was similar to the modern long jump but with a major exception. The jumpers carried stone or lead weights called halteres. These weights, shaped like telephone receivers, were carried out in front of the jumper when they jumped the weights were thrust backward and dropped during the descent to increase the distance of the jump (Fineley , 1976). Running was broken down into 4 types of races in the Ancient Olympic Games. The stadion was the oldest of the events and consisted of a sprint covering one stade (192 meters) which was the length of the stadium. Other races were the 2-stade race and the long distance runranged from 7 to 24 stades. The most grueling of the races was the warrior race designed to build and test the speed and stamina Greek men needed for military service. The race was 2 to 4-stades in distance and was run by an athlete wearing armor. The standard armor of that time weighed approximately 50-60 pounds and of course included a helmet and shield (Fineley, 1976). Wrestling was similar to the modern sport in that the athlete was required to throw his opponent to the ground landing on a hip, shoulder, or back for a fair fall. To win a match required 3 fair falls or throws. Genital holds and biting were not allowed and breaking your opponents fingers was also not permitted (Vassill, 2004). The art and sculpture of ancient Greece is alive with the depictions of the Olympics and the events described in this article. One can feel the excitement and spirit of the Ancient Olympic Games in that art. In modern games the spirit of the Olympism of old is recreated in the ceremonies and competitiveness of the event (Fineley, 1976) In conclusion the Ancient Olympics were held to honour Zeus. There were 13 events in the Ancient Olympics compared to the 32 events in the modern Olympics. Most of the events that were held at the Ancient Olympics are still part of the modern day Olympics. In the ancient Olympics only men were allowed to compete whereas nowadays men and women are allowed to compete in all of the events. The athlete who won gold medals at the Ancient Olympics had sculptures with their picture on them so that people could celebrate their victory. Nowadays, there are some traditions that are still valued and for many athletes, winning an Olympic gold medal is still the main highlight of their career. Reference Page Crowther, N, (1996), athlete and state: qualifying for the Olympics games in ancient Greece, journal of sport history, 41 800-688 Finley, I, (1976), Olympic Games the first thousand years, London, Chatto Windus. Reese, J, C, (2005) Gender identity and sport: is the playing field level, Journal of Sports Medline, 39 695-699 Rhizopoulou, S, (2004), Symbolic plant (s) of the Olympic Games Journal of Experimental Botany, 46, 620-588 Vassill, G, (2004).The Olympic Games explained a student guide to the evolution of the modern Olympic Games, London, Routledge. Wei, Y, (1996), The Olympic image the first 100 years, Edmonton, Alberta, QuonEditions. Young, D, (1987), The origins of the modern Olympics a new version, International Journal of the History of Sport, 39 695-699

How Bronte Shows the Reader Janes Resilience in Jane Eyre Essay

How Bronte Shows the Reader Jane's Resilience in Jane Eyre The novel Jane Eyre is written by Charlotte Bronte and is set in the 1800’s. It describes how Jane rose up from her orphan status at the start of the story to a higher status with Mr Rochester. More importantly Jane finds happiness. During the 1800’s a woman’s status was low and to have a higher status would involve marrying into a rich family or already belonging to a wealthy family. The story shows how Jane copes with the ups and downs in her life, during her journey for happiness. The aim of this essay is to show how Bronte shows Jane’s resilience to events throughout the novel. Resilience is the ability to withstand suffering, to show strength. The essay will also include how successful Jane is as a heroine. Qualities that could be considered to make Jane a heroine are selflessness, courage and bravery. Throughout the essay will be references to six episodes that occur during the novel. Each of the episodes will show Jane’s resilience or her heroic qualities. At the start of the story Bronte presents Jane as a young girl who is being bullied by her cousin John Reed. When she stands up to him she is punished and no one believes that he is a part of the bullying. She is then sent to the â€Å"Red Room† by her aunt Mrs Reed. The â€Å"Red Room† is where her uncle died and has only been used for guests since. As well as being bullied by John, he expects Jane to respect him, for example: â€Å"say, what do you want Master Reed?† He acts superior to her. After being treated badly Jane still has the courage to say â€Å"wicked and cruel boy† to John and not give up and let him win. During her stay at the â€Å"Red Room† Jane believes she sees a ghost, she cries for help... ...rage and bravery. She doesn’t cave in and give up hope, she is resilient. All of the episodes throughout this essay show Jane’s resilience. I believe that the reason Bronte wrote Jane Eyre was to show that if you want something bad enough you will get it. Jane wanted happiness and respect from others; at the end of the novel she has achieved this. Jane was in many bad situations but she was determined so she got through them all. The novel is also about the status of women in the 1800’s. I think that Bronte was also trying to show that women have strength and that they deserved the same respect as men. The detail in the story and the point of view that Bronte gives us, encourages the reader to understand the sort of life led by women during the 1800’s and their low status in society. The reader would also admire Jane as she was such a strong individual.

Sling Blade Paper -- essays research papers

Slingblade Paper The film Slingblade depicts a mentally challenged man, Karl Childers, played by Billy Bob Thornton, and his trials and tribulations of life. When he comes out of the mental institution he was residing in, he meets a boy named Frank who accepts him as a human being like no one had previously done to him. The whole movie shows how this intricate mentally retarded man; who was domesticated from all his time in the mental house adapts to the outside world. Throughout all the foul judgment and harsh words sent his way, he maintains a certain level of sanity and civilness throughout the madness. The beginning of the movie starts and he tells his tales of his murders. Now what’s the first thing you always assume about a murderer? That they are a bad person and took another persons life, and should pay the harsh penalty for it. However, throughout this movie Karl shows how much of a caring and compassionate person he truly is. Any assumptions you had for him at the beginning of the mo vie can basically be thrown out the window about a half hour into the movie. The first major test of this movie was the transition from one world to another that Karl has to go through. This transition shows how hard it is to go from an enclosed, tiny world to an unpredictable, giant world where something is always going on around you. Karl first came to terms with the fact that he would have to adapt to this new world when he talked to a reporter in his latter days in the mental institution. He is talking to Woolridge, who runs the mental institution, and he says to him, â€Å"I reckon I’m gonna have to get used to looking at pretty people†¦ I reckon I’m gonna have to get used to them looking at me too.† This shows he has some recognition of what life outside the box is going to be like, he shows, throughout his mental disabilities that he has comprehension for how he is going to have to adapt to live his new life. The second major scene which shows him making the transition from one world to another is the scene when he makes friends with the boy. This shows his first adaptation he actually makes outside of the mental institution. He shows that he is capable of leading a normal life despite his mental condition and terrible past. At the beginning of the movie, when you hear that he maliciously murdered two people, you think that he is a terrible and vicious person. This ... ...cause he wants to ensure the happiness and safety of Frank and his mother in the future. Doyle was a very dangerous man and frequently had drunken rages which put the safety of the whole family and anyone else in the general vicinity in danger. This shows how truly caring he was, he sacrificed his own life to improve the lives of two other people that he cared about. He believed that he didn’t do anything wrong, and personally I agree with him. He fought for what he believed in and ended up improving the lives of two people he truly cared about, the closest thing to a real family he ever had. These scenes really show how Karl goes through life as a compassionate person. The public opinion on him is truly opposite, but as the movie goes on you see it more and more. The people that he loves, he truly cares about them more then he cares for himself at times. He was willing to put aside the rest of his life to make sure two friends, rather family members, would live a happy life. Although murder is a terrible way to do it, he ensures their happiness. Karl Childers may be seen as a bad man and a murderer, but to the people that really know him, he is a very loyal and caring individual.

divided we speak Essay -- essays research papers

Divided We Speak The "Divided We Speak" PHSCologram tryptich is a unique collaborative study in sculpture, photography, sound and poetry, based on an audience interactive media symphony in six movements, by Miroslaw Rogola. The work was commissioned and shown by the Museum of Contemporary Art, Chicago in the Fall of 1997. Divided We Speak has been designed to mimic life in the information age. The viewer activates or encounters seemingly random shards of information (sound, computer, and video images) and through experimentation, movement, and mental engagement, creates a unique experience. Another essential consideration for the artist is that each viewer's experience of the artwork is different. Thus while in the public space of the museum, each viewer creates a private space. This exhibition, was mounted to coincide with the annual meeting of the Inter-Society for Electronic Arts (ISEA) in Chicago during the third week of September, explores the edge of technology in a form known as electronic art - artwork realized through computers, video, recorded sound, and other electronic media. Miroslaw Rogala, backed by a team of media innovators and other artists - all major figures in their various fields - has created an interactive multimedia laboratory titled Divided We Speak. This laboratory features the newest in electronic and virtual reality innovations that will be utilized and displayed for the first time in a museum setting. The artist and his team will fine-...

Brief Analysis Report of Rio Tinto

Brief analysis report of Rio Tinto Rio Tinto is a British multinational metals and mining corporation with headquarters in London and a management office in Melbourne, Australia. The corporation was founded in 1873 and it ranked at the number 263 in Global 500 of largest worldwide companies in 2008. (Wikipedia, 2012) Rio Tinto’s net earning has decreased in the year 2011 mainly because of the financial crisis and global economic uncertainty (Annual report of Rio Tinto, 2011). Meanwhile, the leadership claimed that they believe the long-term outlook is strong. Figure 1: Key Financial Data of Rio Tinto (from 2010 and 2011) YearItem | 2010 / US$ million| 2011 / US$ million| Net profit before tax| 20,491| 13,214| Net profit after tax| 15,098| 6,765| Total comprehensive income| 16,492| 4,365| Sales| 55,171| 60,537| Total assets| 112,773| 119,545| Current assets| 21,459| 21,898| Current liabilities| 12,876| 14,966| Cash flow from operating activities| 23,530| 27,388| (Annual report of Rio Tinto, 2011) According to figure 1 the net profit margin of Rio Tinto in the year 2010 fell from27. 4% to 11. 2% in the year 2011. (net profit margin is equal to net profit after tax divided by sales revenue) The profit rate to net worth of this company in the year is 5. %. (profit rate to net worth is net profit after tax divided by average total assets) The investors should use comprehensive income figure rather than net profit because comprehensive income includes all changes in equity during a period. (comprehensive income is equal to net profit plus other comprehensive income) The operating cash flow increased by $US3,858 million from $US23,530 million in the year 2010 to $US27,388 million in the year 2011 meanwhile, the sales raised by $US5,366 million from $US55,171 millionin the year 2010 to 60,537 million US$ in the year 2011.This matter of fact indicates Rio Tinto expended $US1,580 million on operating the company. The current assets increased smoothly from $US21,45 9 million in the year 2010 to $US21,898 million in the year 2011. At the same period the current liabilities raised up dramatically from $US12,876 million in the year 2010 to $US14,966 million in the year 2011. This data shows the company did not work well in this period. (Figure 1) Rio Tinto will cutting office jobs in Melbourne and Sydney in Australia and the board of the company will cut support and service costs by 10 per cent around the world (Greg, 2012).Because they said they need to build resilience and controlling costs during a difficult time, which includes product price decreases and Europe’s debt crisis (Greg, 2012). Greg’s report (2012) also showed that the Rio Tinto’s first half net profit dropped dramatically to $US4. 9 billion ($A4. 69 billion) from $US7. 78 billion ($A7. 44 billion) last year. Not only Rio Tinto’s earnings has dropped but BHP Billiton’s earnings are forecast to drop at the same time the world’s biggest iron ore miner Vale also posted lower than expected second quarter earnings at two year lows(Greg,2012).In the group statement of financial position the goodwill of Rio Tinto has dropped almost half of that in the year 2010 which is from $US15,316 million to $US8,187 million(Annual report of Rio Tinto, 2011). This matter of fact indicates that the company Rio Tinto appears to be done not well. The inventories of this company increase by $US551 million from $US4,756 million in the year 2010 to $US5,307 million in the year 2011(Annual report of Rio Tinto, 2011). The inventories rise up means the product of Rio Tinto cannot be sold mainly because the economy is uncertain and the demand of the ore is weak.The current and non-current liabilities all raise heavily and the net assets decreases from $US64,512 million in the year 2010 to $US59,208 million in the year 2011(Annual report of Rio Tinto, 2011). The liabilities rise up means the Rio Tinto tried to borrow money to pass the difficult ti me which lasting time is still uncertain. The net profit of Rio Tinto and other mining company decrease mainly because the commodity prices drop seriously. Commodity prices are formed by the interaction of global economic growth and costs of expanding supply of ommodities (Garnaut,n. d). According to Gurnaut’s article ‘the contemporary China resources boom’ China have been the main reason of high energy and metals prices since the year 2003. The article also claimed that Chinese growth has been the consequence of high investment rates and rapid increases in fringe population and the export share of production. The author believed that developing countries like China and India will still keep the commodity prices of ore in high level.In brief, although the financial and operating situation of the Rio Tinto is not well, the future of Rio Tinto will still be great because the demand of developing will be strong. Hence, it will be a good choice to invest Rio Tinto. R eference list Garnaut, R 2012, ‘The contemporary China resources boom’, The Australian Journal of Agricultural and Resource Economics, vol. 56, no. 2, pp. 222–243 Rio Tinto Ltd, 2011, Annual Report viewed 5 August 2012 http://www. riotinto. com/annualreport2011/pdf/rio_tinto_2011_annual_report. pdf Wikipedia2012, Rio Tinto Group, viewed 26 October 2012, < http://de. wikipedia. org/wiki/Rio_Tinto_Group>

Abandoned Senior Citizens

Are Americans prepared for the increasing numbers of elderly population? In the next century the oldest of old will be the fastest growing population in the nation. According to The AGS Foundation for Health and Aging (2005), the size and character of the elderly in the United States is rapidly changing. Since the 1900 most of the US population was under the age of 65, but this drastically changed over the course of the century. In fact, the senior citizen population grew from 3. 1 million to 33. 2 million from 1900 to 1994. Furthermore, by the year 2030, â€Å"one out of every five Americans will be a senior citizen. † Our society must prepare to handle the increasing number of elderly that are abandoned by family or have no family to care for them. As a result, the elderly are those who stand to suffer the most due to the lack of proper care. Longer life spans and infertility is creating a serious unbalance in ages. Moreover, with the continual growing numbers of the age group 65 and above, Americans may not be ready to handle the burden that will come with supporting the elderly. Senior Citizen Population is on Brink of Explosion in World and in United States. This shift in the age structure of the world’s population poses challenges to society, families, businesses, health care providers and policymakers to meet the needs of aging individuals† according to the Census Bureau, (2009, Para. 6). To further illustrate the major impact Americans will experience due to the over growing e lderly population, the Division of the U. S. Census Bureau published middle- series projections that gives a good demonstration of growth percentages from 1990 to 2050 by race. Figure 1. 0. Statistics of The Elderly Population Projections of the United States, by Age, Sex, Race, and Hispanic Origin The worst is yet to come for the elderly frail as an unbalanced society cannot or will not provide a helping hand. â€Å"In fact, while children are projected to still outnumber the older population worldwide in 2050, the under 15 population in the United States is expected to fall below the older population by that date, increasing from 62 million today to 85 million. † Census Bureau, (2009, par a. ). These shocking numbers should be a wakeup call to our society to prepare for the impact on the financial strain the elderly will poses to their families. Consequently, children or families of the elderly will carry the burdens of making difficult decisions to help or to turn the other cheek and walk away. Moreover it will be the elderly who will suffer the most from being abandoned and forgotten in the care of hospitals, nursing homes, halfway homes, or hosp ices for someone else to worry about. The sad and unfortunate reality of what lurks beneath the decisions to leave frail and aging parents with others is the desire to be free or rid of the responsibility of caring for one’s elderly parents themselves. In time, the once young and viral independent adult who were able to contribute to society, have withering bodies that become sick, disabled, or suffer from decease and are considered too old and too much trouble to deal with. When the elderly are left alone; they experience health risks, mental instability, social isolation, loneliness, and depression (Saul, 1983). Truly one cannot image something worse than watching an elderly person’s mind slowly deteriorate due to lack of stimulation, emotional support, or love a lonely elderly craves. Typically, dementia or loss of memory sets in to the point that an elderly person cannot remember what happened from one day to the next. Eventually, the despondent elderly becomes sicker, or worse disabled from a fall or a non- curable decease like Parkinson’s or Alzheimer’s, which leads to helplessness, disorientation, bitterness, and anger because they cannot remember or help themselves. In truth, it can be a rude awakening witnessing one’s parent turn into a different person in what seems like overnight. The wonderful vivacious spirit that one loved about a parent or family member has become this empty shell of a person. Indeed the experience spoken of comes from one who has become the parent of a parent diagnosed with Parkinson’s two years ago, and who knows that any illness or disability can be could be seriously reduced with the proper medical attention, nutrients, and most of all the nurturing love an elderly person earns for. Mind blowing, yet all too true are the statistics piling up in hospitals that have no family to pick them up; or left alone in nursing homes hoping for family to come for them, or worse left alone in their homes with no one to turn to (Pek Yee, 2009). Specifically one such story happened to a friend’s brother in law who lost his mother to a horrible and tragic death when his father died three years ago. Shortly after his father’s death his mother became distraught and depressed and started visiting him and his family frequently because he lived the closest to her apart from his sisters, so he wanted to help his mother through the pain of her loss. During her visits it seemed his mother was pulling through her depression, but she often had heavy bouts of deep sadness accompanied by anger and hostility. In truth the son and his family experienced mental abused by the mothers enraged hostility; however, his family managed to suppress the desire to lash back at her because they knew she did not live with them permanently. Eventually, the mother became more despondent and asked her son if she could live with him, so she did not have to live by herself anymore. Although; she did have two other daughters, they both lived in another city and never made an effort to see her or have her come visit them. In spite of the mother’s sadness, the son denied his mother from living with him mainly because he believed her negativity would be too hard to live with. Since, she was in good health her son did not see a reason for her to move in with him because this would add more responsibility for him and definitely create tension for his family. As a result of the denial, the mother felt rejected, sorrowful, and heartbroken and became detached from everyone and began wondering off from time to time without letting anyone know where she would go. Finally; one day his mother called and said she was going away for a while but again without word of where she planned on going. Sadly and one week later was found face down in a creek dead about 10 miles from her home with only her purse in hand. The authorities who found her said she had been dead for four days and ruled her death a suicide. In short, they said she probably wondered off in distress and decided to take her life rather than be alone and without someone to care for her. Unfortunately, the son will have to live with knowing he rejected her and the possibility that he caused her to take her life, which can be terrible weight to carry for the rest of one’s life! It stands to reason that children will experience the pain and guilt of knowing either they help their aging parents or resort to disassociation. In fact, the brutal reality is that children are becoming the parents as their aging parents are vastly becoming the children to support. Indeed the experience of having time and money stripped away from the children who care for their aging parents, along with baring the extra responsibilities of caring for them, all take a toll on a family’s emotional and physical health. At first, one wants to believe that once their elderly parent is placed safely in a nursing home the responsibility of caring for their parent is lifted form them and shifted over to the care workers, but in reality this is not true at all. To begin with, the parents finances need to be take care of; regular visits to the doctor, supplies like clothes and hygiene products, and most importantly regular checks with the nursing home to make sure the parent or family member is not mistreated. Of course, nursing homes will feed them three meals a day, bath them, administer their medicine routinely, and take care of the everyday task of making sure they do not hurt themselves. However, if a medical emergency should arise and a family member is not there to help, the nursing home just ships the elderly family member off to the emergency room, for someone more equipped can help them, which can be a horrifying experience if the elderly person is left to go through the experience alone. Typically if an elderly person does not have a family member to pick him or her up at the hospital after they are discharged, the hospital’s social worker will be assigned to place them in State facility or arrange to dropped him or her off at his or her home, even if the elderly person is not equipped to take care of him or herself. It is no wonder that elderly living alone have higher risks of increasing functional disability and much broader clinical detections of social loneliness and depression (Shu-Chuan, 2004). Thus, both the elderly and their families suffer in some form or another. Once upon a time aging gracefully was respected and adorned, but today aging has become a frightening look at the future and a sad end to one’s youth. Why is becoming old such a scary place to go for so many, perhaps because the awareness people have that they too could end up sick, alone, and abandoned. A prime example of why people are so afraid would be how our nation’s nursing homes have become a dumping ground for the elderly. One only needs to venture into a States nursing facility to witness what elderly are experiencing. Underneath all the hype that the elderly are well taken care and respected, lays the ugly truth of decreased standards of living conditions. To begin with, elderly are left in their soiled underwear for hours at a time, or sometimes left lying in their beds all day long without food or drink. If an elderly person is sick and incapable of doing for him or herself, or a family member does not take the time or appropriate measures to stand up for the parent or family member staying in nursing home, terrible things can happen. Moreover, health care providers are increasingly becoming more abusive, neglectful and defiant, which is aiding in destroying the health and the very fabric of our elderly generation. Regretfully the aging frail have no other choice but to submit their selves to whatever care they can receive leaving them helplessly in the hands of retirement or nursing workers who do not care about them. As time progresses more senior citizens are feeling the aches and pains of growing older and abandonment, but this does not seem to matter because he or she continues to wait patiently and hope someone will come visit or care for them [pic] Figure 2. 0. An Alone and Hopeful Elderly Women Patiently Waits for Someone to Visit Her. Someone needs to care for and help the elderly, despite the implied burdens. In the forefront of people’s mind that have had to give up or change their lives to accommodate the aging parent or family member, there lies a desire to help in some way. However, if the surface were pulled back underneath would lay admissions of oppressions of too much to bear. Thus, the uglier side of the naked truth is revealed, which is less and less the children of the elderly refuse to take on the responsibility that comes with caring for the elderly. Out of sight, out of mind is all too often the guiltless fall back for families unwilling to help. Surely, someone needs to care for and help the elderly, despite the implied burdens. Helping the elderly might be burdensome, but life is life regardless of age. Of course, helping the elderly is a heavy burden to some but life is life, regardless of age. With this in mind, it stands to reason that our nation needs to wise up and instill the proper support structure to our badly needed aging society to create balance. So that families need not look at growing old as a scary road to venture down; or aging as a strain or burden, but rather as a gift to be grateful for.

Explain the Benefits and Opportunities to the Business of Using Internet Marketing Within the Marketing Mix a Selected Business

An effective ‘Marketing Mix' including all 7 is a way of identifying a business’s achievements of marketing objectives, meeting customer needs, is balanced and consistent, creates a competitive advantage and matches corporate resources. Product ASOS promotes their products very effectively as they use clever visual tools such as 360 degree view of their product, video and picture to enhance the quality of the product itself. They also provide a range of products and service including clothes, accessories, shoes/sandals etc and its provided for men and women.They include their own brand and designer wear which shows that they have high quality in their product. ASOS have mentioned in their annual report that their 20 biggest brands are now represented by a ‘shop in shop' providing a rich brand experience for their customers and a unique distribution platform for ASOS brand partners. ASOS also sells a range of products matching famous celebrity's outfits that custome rs would want to buy. ASOS, online or in their magazine provides customers the latest fashion info and what not to wear giving them an advantage to promote their products.Their business attract over 5. 2 million visitors per month Price The price has a lot of impact on the service buyer’s satisfaction level. Often, paying a higher price makes a customer more satisfied. Price is often considered a proxy for quality and vice-versa. What is important to note that services being all the more intangible, the price becomes an important factor for the actual service consumption to happen, after service awareness and service acknowledgement. Thier price for the products vary depending on the product – quality, brand etc.For the designer items it can be expensive, although ASOS may provide same looking product without the brand name making it affordable. With the price they offer ASOS is making a Profit over ? 10,009,000 figure taken from ASOS annual report as they have increas ed number of active shoppers over 1. 2 million Promotion The promtion plays a role in the perception the possible target audience may have about your service. There has to be a fit between the promotion and the positioning. Promotion leads to service (brand) recognition and further establishes a proxy to evaluate quality of services based by potential ustomers. ASOS uses their business is purely based upon the internet everything is promoted through the World Wide Web on the website and off. They have promotion on other websites and also ASOS has developed an application to allow customers to track particular products on its sites through their web browser, whatever websites they are looking at. The online retailer has used functionality within the latest version of Microsoft's Internet Explorer 8 web brower, which Microsoft released on March 19. PlacePlace represents the location where a product can be purchased. It is often known as the distribution channel. The place can be situa ted as a physical store or as virtuals stores on the internet. ASOS. com is rapidly becoming the market leader in the UK online fashion world. All the products are sold ONLINE and not located anywhere else where people can purchase ASOS items. ASOS does have a warehouse where all stocks are kept and together has a office located in hardfordshire. Processes processes are important to deliver a quality service.Services being intangible, processes become all the more crucial to ensure standards are met with. Process mapping ensures that your service is perceived as being dependable by your target segment. This is the procedures of activities which lead to an exchange of value. The process should include how customers are handled from first and last point of contact. ASOS is determined to be number one in the online market. They have thought through their process and kept it clear and have made it customer satisfactory. ASOS's strategy consists of aims that has a well-defined process.AS OS have control of their website, their information/images etc are presented without any doubt intelligibly promotional. Payments are all done through their website online as they are only an online business. Also they have a step-by-step information on how to use and buy off their website, they also have page on delivery information. Here they can track down on where shopping is, know how much is cost to deliver, know when to expect the delievery etc. People People is crucial in service delivery. The best food may not seem equally palatable if the waitress is in a sour mood.A smile always helps. Intensive training for your human resources on how to handle customers and how to deal with contingencies, is crucial for your success. People Are their employees, customers – their family and friends, and any other people associated with ASOS. com. Employees are important to this strategy of marketing mix as in can be those who deliever the products to customers. So they have to pol ite, helpful and have the knowledge of the business for them to answer any questions provided by the customer.It can also be the employees that answer the phone when any customer calls for any quiries. ASOS. com also have employees updating their website and replying to emails and online comments on their feedback page. ASOS employees has the knowledge, training and other aspect helping the business with marketing for their business. ASOS customers are also people that help in the marketing of services as they spread the business information. Physical evidence Pyhsical evidence affects the customer’s satisfaction.Often, services being intangible, customers depend on other cues to judge the offering. This is where physical evidence plays a part. Would you like eating at a joint where the table is greasy or the waitresses and cooks look untidy and wear a stained apron? Surely you would evaluate the quality of your experience through proxies such as these. As ASOS. com is an onl ine company their customer has difficulty not knowing how for example a dress will feel, look on them. ASOS therefore provides annual reports, articles, etc showing them that ASOS products are worth the value.ASOS helps customers with their products by giving them full information about the product. They have recieved awards that convince customers to buy online. First award was given to them in 2008 from Company High Street Awards for ‘Best Place To Spend' and the second was given in 2009 from Drapers Etail Awards for ‘Best Customer Experience Cosmopolitan Online Fashion Awards – Best for Bargains'. ASOS allows to give unwanted products back and their staff are always helpful and polite towards their customer as its one of their business objectives.

Rape Culture Essay

Today’s society is a clear example of what is called a â€Å"rape culture†, the way we are taught to think and act by our parents and everyone we know has made it this way. There are lots of examples out there, we don’t even need to look hard for them, we just need to open our eyes and see them. By taking a feminist approach this text will prove that today’s society is in fact a â€Å"rape culture†. According to E.B. Taylor (1988) culture is  «That complex whole which includes knowledge, beliefs, art, morals, law, customs, and any other capacities and habits acquired by man as a member of society » (p. 40). This sharing of common culture makes up a major part of being in a group; all this common aspects are what makes up a society. Rape culture is a concept that links rape and sexual violence to a society’s culture. Marshall University sees it as, an environment in which rape and sexual violence against women are dominant and normalized by media. Fear of being raped has become a major influence in every woman, most women and girls live in fear their whole lives, while men aren’t slightly disturbed by this. By looking at what is rape culture we can already find a clear example of inequality, why should only women be victims of this culture? Why shouldn’t men be also victims of it? The answer, because this culture was created by men, all this ideas came from men that thought that they were better than women. We might think that those men are terrible persons, because they created this culture, but in our everyday lives we actually support their ideas, maybe we don’t realize it, but we are supporting their beliefs, becoming one of those men. Society has made us this way, since we are born we are made to follow certain patterns of behavior, the color of our clothing, the toys our parents give us, etc. as we continue to grow the same behavioral patterns follow us, and boys play football and soccer, while girls play to the house, and use their dolls. Boys and girls grow up with certain ideas of the way they are supposed to behave, girls are told that they should dress in a sexy way; this is one of the biggest causes of rape culture, objectification of a woman’s body. Men see women as an object for sexual pleasure, rather than seeing them as another human being with the same rights and obligations as them. In our everyday life we can find millions of examples to show us that we live in a rape culture, the list is endless and continues to grow with every second. Most of the time whenever someone hears about a girl being raped, we can hear comments such as: â€Å"she was asking for it†, â€Å"she allowed  hers elf to be raped†, â€Å"she is probably overreacting†, the list goes on, and the sad thing is that people that say these things blame women for being raped and not the rapist. Read Also:  Good Exploratory Essay Topics This is really sad; it is as if society tried to blame everything on women, even if they obviously didn’t have any part of it. We can find another example when we look at sexual assault prevention education programs, they are focused on women, they tell them that they should take measures to prevent rape, rather than telling men that they shouldn’t rape. Needless to say, teaching women how to avoid being raped doesn’t help at all. Rape culture is a problem growing in Canada, The Globe and Mail said that: Every 17 minutes in Canada, a woman has intercourse against her will. A widely respected 2010 study of nearly 13,000 female undergraduates in the U.S. found 20 per cent had experienced unwanted sexual assault. Most had been drinking, but that doesn’t excuse the assaults. Yet almost 60 per cent of rapes go unreported, and only 3 per cent of rapists ever do any time; sexual-assault offenders in Canada are sentenced to an average of two years. (Brown, 2014) The small amount of rapes reported are mainly because people that have experience such a thing feel humiliated, and they don’t want to talk about it. Also, who would want to report an assault if the person you spoke to told you it was your fault for being drunk and not taking care of yourself. Rape culture helps itself, people blame the victims, they feel ashamed and they don’t report their assault, thus, the aggressor will still be outside of jail and he will be able to rape once again, starting the cycle one more time. We are certainly living on a rape culture, one caused by ourselves and by no one else, we allow things to happen, we turn our heads the other way, we blame the victims rather than the aggressor, this rape culture we are living in was brought by ourselves. More importantly this rape culture was created by men, most rape victims are women, women that men blame for drinking to much, for dressing in short skirts, etc. Sources Rape Culture. Marshall University, Women’s Center. http://www.marshall.edu/landing/home/index.html Brown, I. (20149 The raging debate over rape culture. The Globe and Mail. Retrieved from http://www.theglobeandmail.com/ Lundy, K.L:, & Warme B.D. (1988) Sociology: A window on the world. Ontario: Nelson Canada, A division of International Thomas Limited